Preparation and Properties of Rare Earth Modified Carbon Black/Natural Rubber Composites

The oxides Eu, Ho, Er and Dy were used to prepare the hydroxides of rare earth modified carbon black. Then natural rubber latex （NRL） was added into the reactor. The system reacted at 85 ℃ with stirring for 1 h to prepare powdered HAF-Ln（OH）3/NR composites. The effects of the kind and content of Ln on the particle size distribution of P [ NR/HAF-Ln （OH）3 ] and mechanical properties of its vulcanizate were studied respectively. It is found that rare earth can help to get the powder of the composite, the product particle with a diameter less than 0.9mm will be get when the composites containing the compound of Ho, Er and Dy with dosage of 1.0, 1.0, O. 5 percent, respectively. The adding of Ln can improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the vulcanizate effectively, what＇s more, Er and Dy can decrease the permanent set of vulcanizate significantly. The SEM studies shows that P[ NR/HAF-Dy （OH）3 ] vulcanizate shows superior mechanical properties that depend primarily on the absence of free carbon black, the fine dispersion of carbon black in the rubber matrix and better polymer-filler interaction.     

快速凝固Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金中H相的Z相的TEM研究

用ＨＲＴＥＭ、ＴＥＭ及ＥＤＡＸ分析研究了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｚｒ合金中的一种新相（暂名Ｈ相）和六角Ｚ相的结构，确定Ｈ相具有四方点阵，点阵参数为ａ＝２．８ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．４ｎｍ，ＥＤＡＸ分析表明Ｈ明和Ｚ相均含有Ａｌ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ。发现Ｈ相与Ｚ相的共存取向关系为［１００］ｈ｜｜［１１２０］ｚ，［０１０］｜｜［０００１］Ｚ。还观察到Ｚ相中一种特有有的旋转畴结构。     

A study on structure and electrochemical properties of (La, Ce, Pr, Nd)2MgNi9 hydrogen storage electrode alloys

(La, Ce, Pr, Nd)₂MgNi₉ hydrogen storage alloys were prepared through induction melting followed by a long annealing treatment. The structure and electrochemical properties of annealed alloys have been investigated by orthogonal design experiments. Both the individual effects of each substituting element and their interaction in alloys were studied systemically. It has been shown that the structure of main phase in alloys belongs to PuNi₃-type with a space group R-3m. Substituting rare-earth elements have a significant effect on both the phase structure of alloys and microstructure. The anisotropic change in the crystal structure of alloys can cause the acceleration of pulverization of alloy particles and result in the deterioration of the cyclic stability of alloy electrodes. Misch metals can raise the plateau pressure of hydrogen absorption/desorption. The discharge capacity of alloy ranges from 342.97 to 380.68 mAh g⁻¹ depending on the sort and content of substituting elements. Both cerium and neodymium can obviously reduce the discharge capacity of alloy electrodes. When compared to the La₂MgNi₉ alloy electrode, mish metals can significantly improve the high rate dischargeability of alloy electrodes. The improvement of the kinetic characteristic of alloy electrodes mainly results from the increase of the hydrogen diffusion rate in alloy bulk.     

P(SBR/NR/HAF)并用胶的性能

在SBR胶乳／NR胶乳共混的基础上，采用凝聚共沉法制备高耐磨炭黑（HAF）填充型粉末丁苯橡胶／天然橡胶并用胶[P(SBR/NR/HAF)]。研究了SBR／NR并用比、制备工艺等对P（SBR／NR／HAF）并用胶的混沌流变性能和物理机械性能的影响，并与块状SBR／NR／HAF并用胶进行了比较。研究表明，与SBR／NR／HAF相比，P（SBR／NR／HAF）的表观剪切粘度在SBR用量小于50份时对混炼时间的依赖性较低，而在SBR用量大于50份后对混炼时间具有更高的依赖性；P（SBR／NR／HAF)硫化胶 拉伸强度在整个并用范围内对SBR／NR并和比不敏感；采用胶乳预混合的工艺制备的P（SBR／NR／HAF）具有较好的物理机械性能。     

Particle size distribution,mixing behavior,and mechanical properties of carbon black (high‐abrasion furnace)–filled powdered styrene butadiene rubber

High‐abrasion furnace black (HAF, grade N330)–filled powdered styrene butadiene rubber [P(SBR/HAF)] was prepared and the particle size distribution, mixing behavior in a laboratory mixer, and mechanical properties of P(SBR/HAF) were studied. A carbon black–rubber latex coagulation method was developed for preparing carbon black–filled free‐flowing, noncontact staining SBR powders, with particle diameter less than 0.9 mm, under the following conditions: carbon black content > 40 phr, emulsifier/carbon black ratio > 0.02, and coating resin content > 2.5 phr. Over the experimental range, the mixing torque τ_α of P(SBR/HAF) was not as sensitive to carbon black content and mixing temperature as that of HAF‐filled bale SBR (SBR/HAF), whereas the temperature build‐up ΔT showed little dependency on carbon black content. Compared with SBR/HAF, P(SBR/HAF) showed a 20–30% mixing energy reduction with high carbon black content (>30 phr), which confers to powdered SBR good prospects for internal mixing. Carbon black and the rubber matrix formed a macroscopic homogenization in P(SBR/HAF), and the incorporation step is not obvious in the internal mixing processing results in these special mixing behaviors of P(SBR/HAF). A novel mixing model of carbon black–filled powdered rubber, during the mixing process in an internal mixer, was proposed based on the special mixing behaviors. P(SBR/HAF) vulcanizate showed better mechanical properties than those of SBR/HAF, dependent primarily on the absence of free carbon black and a fine dispersion of filler on the rubber matrix attributed to the proper preparation conditions of noncontact staining carbon black–filled powdered SBR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2494–2508, 2004     

Mechanical properties and crosslink density of rare earth‐modified high‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber

High‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF)] has more advantages than traditional HAF‐filled bale NR (NR/HAF) because of its better environmental performance and easier processing quality, but its lower mechanical properties are disadvantageous. To improve the mechanical properties, rare earth‐modified HAF‐filled powdered NR [P(NR/HAF‐Ln)] (Ln = Sm,La,Pr) was prepared by means of coacervation–coprecipitation, using rare earth‐modified HAF as separant and filler. The effect on mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate exerted by the emulsifier/HAF ratio, powdering temperature, Ln/HAF ratio and type of Ln, and HAF content were studied. The results indicated that when optimum formulation, the mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate were better than P(NR/HAF) vulcanizate. In addition, the relationship of the apparent crosslink density and HAF content of P(NR/HAF‐Ln), P(NR/HAF), NR/HAF vulcanizates was also investigated, along with their SEM microphotographs of tensile fracture surface, which indicated that the excellent mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate was attributed to correct amount of Ln that could increase crosslink density and reinforce the interface structure of NR matrix/HAF‐Ln particle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1755–1762, 2006     

面向多区域防洪的长江上游水库群协同调度模型

长江上游水库群是长江流域防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,承担着水库所在河流、川渝河段以及长江中下游的防洪任务。长江流域面积广大,水系众多,洪水地区组成与遭遇十分复杂,防洪需求众多,防洪对象分散,且要兼顾发电、航运、供水、生态、库区安全等多种因素,水库群防洪调度面临大规模、多区域、多层次等协同调度技术难题。以长江上游25座控制性水库为研究对象,基于防洪格局和防洪任务将水库群防洪调度划分为核心、骨干和群组水库,阐明了水库群多区域协调防洪的调度节点和角色定位,提出了兼顾"时-空-量-序-效"多维属性的模型功能结构,构建了长江上游水库群多区域协同防洪调度模型,并在长江流域防洪调度形成示范应用,以挖掘长江上游水库群防洪调度潜力,进而提升长江流域防洪调度管理水平。     

均匀设计法在粉末氯丁橡胶制备中的应用

以高分子树脂为包覆剂，采用凝聚包覆法将CRl21型氯丁胶乳制备成粉末氯丁橡胶。用均匀设计法研究了制备工艺路线中的主要4个因子(氯化钠、包覆剂M81、包覆剂M82和脂肪酸盐)对产物粒径分布以及物理机械性能的影响，并用回归分析法拟合了产物的粒径分布和物理机械性能与主要变量之间的试验数据，在试验范围内预测产物的性能并作了验证。结果表明，4个影响因子对硫化胶拉伸强度和扯断伸长率的影响不显著，但对产物中1-3mm和小于1mm粒子所占的质量分数、500％定伸应力、邵尔A型硬度和永久变形的影响很显著。     

从"以人为本"看煤炭企业发展战略

随着科学发展观的提出，“以人为本”的管理理念迅速被管理者所认知。铜川矿务局大胆创新，积极采取一系列行之有效的措施，加大安全投入，进行矿井技术改造和质量标准化矿井建设，在改造矿区环境等方面取得了可喜成绩。     

Analysis of tool-chip interface characteristics of self-lubricating tools with nanotextures and WS<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Zr coatings in dry cutting

The environmental obligations of manufacturing industries have resulted in the development of new cutting tools during metal machining without cutting fluids. According to the green manufacturing principles and to further improve the cutting performance of tools in dry cutting, novel cutting tools combined with nanotextures and WS₂/Zr coatings (AN-AW) are developed, and cutting tests without cutting fluids on hardened steel exhibit that the AN-AW tool is the most effective in reducing the cutting forces compared with the WS₂/Zr-coated tool (AS-W) and conventional tool (AS). Based on the experiments and theoretical models, the tool-chip interface characteristics are further investigated quantitatively to analyze the mechanism of the AN-AW tool. Results show that the AN-AW tool has a significant effect on the tool-chip interface characteristics. The AN-AW tool is the most effective in reducing the friction coefficient and tool-chip contact length; meanwhile, it changes the stress distribution at the tool-chip interface. The reduced tool-chip contact length and sticking-total contact length ratio as well as the lubricant film formed by the WS₂/Zr coatings at the tool-chip interface may be responsible for the changes of friction and stress distribution for the AN-AW tool.