An all-optical implementation of a 3-D crossover switching network

One of the more promising interconnection schemes proposed for use in photonic switching networks is the crossover interconnection network; however, reported implementations of the crossover have been limited in size and complexity. A large-scale cascadable implementation of the optical crossover network that capitalizes on planar symmetric self electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) arrays is discussed. A fully functional experimental prototype with 32 inputs and 32 outputs that was operated at a maximum rate of 55.7 kb/s is also discussed. It is also shown that S-SEED arrays can be operated as simple two-input two-output nodes (called 2-modules) within a controllable network     

Postnatal decline of maternally acquired antibodies in the rat

The decline (half-life) of maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities (diphtheria and tetanus) was studied in rats. Essentially similar half-lives for antibody of each specificity were found in young rats from the same litter. In contrast, half-lives varied from 2 to 10 days in individuals of different litters. Significant differences in half-lives were demonstrated in young rats possessing markedly different initial titres of antibodies of the two specificities. It was established that there was a relationship between the half-life and the initial titre of antibody of each specificity which could be described by a rectangular hyperbola. These findings are in close aggreement with previous studies in human infants.     

Advances in the Chemical Ecology of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila suzukii</Emphasis>) and its Applications

Significant progress has been made in understanding the cues involved in the host and mate seeking behaviors of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). This insect pest has been discovered in many fruit growing regions around the world since 2008. Unlike closely related Drosophila species, D. suzukii attacks fresh fruit and has become a severe pest of soft fruits including strawberry, cherry, blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, and may pose a threat to grapes. Prior to 2008, little was known about the courtship and host-seeking behaviors or chemical ecology of this pest. Since then, researchers have gained a better understanding of D. suzukii attraction to specific odors from fermentation, yeast, fruit, and leaf sources, and the visual cues that elicit long-range attraction. Several compounds have also been identified that elicit aversive behaviors in adult D. suzukii flies. Progress has been made in identifying the constituent compounds from these odor sources that elicit D. suzukii antennal responses in electrophysiological assays. Commercial lures based on food volatiles have been developed to attract D. suzukii using these components and efforts have been made to improve trap designs for monitoring this pest under field conditions. However, current food-based lures and trap technologies are not expected to be specific to D. suzukii and thus capture large numbers of non-target drosophilids. Attractive and aversive compounds are being evaluated for monitoring, mass trapping, and for the development of attract-and-kill and push-pull techniques to manage D. suzukii populations. This review outlines presently available research on the chemical ecology of D. suzukii and discusses areas for future research.     

平滑演进到DOCSIS 3.1—— 运营的考量

本文首先回顾了DOCSIS 3.1规范中的若干独特要求,随后讨论了多种向DOCSIS 3.1演进的路径,以帮助运营商的网络能够适应新标准且最大限度地减少业务中断.还介绍了向DOCSIS 3.1迁移的一些技巧,包括网络容量受限的应对措施、新设备的采购策略、超级用户与普通用户的区别对待、DOCSIS 3.1迁移与视频业务IP转化的同步执行、网络带宽的平滑升级等内容.     

155 Mb/s operation of a FET-SEED free-space switching network

The interconnection problems present in many high-performance digital systems may be alleviated through the use of surface normal optical interconnections using optoelectronic smart pixels. We present recent results of high-speed operation of a five-stage experimental free-space switching network using embedded control techniques for network control. The smart pixels consist of buffered GaAs FET logic with MQW SEED detectors and modulators. The system also incorporates external cavity lasers, bulk, micro, and diffractive optics, two-dimensional fiber bundles, and novel optomechanics. At 155 Mb/s, 77 of the 80 total pixels in the system and 31 of the 32 input fibers were functional. Two of the network paths have carried digital video at 105 Mb/s for over four months without readjustment. Error rate measurements on these paths have shown a short-term BER of 10^-10     

Application of the Cplex-isoelectronic theory to electrocyclisations,sigmatropic rearrangements,cheletropic reactions and antiaromaticity: Consistent with Santilli's hadronic chemistry

The recently proposed Cplex-isoelectronic theory is applied to electrocyclisation/ring opening reactions, sigmatropic rearrangements, cheletropic reactions and antiaromaticity. The Cplex-isoelectronic theory is consistent with the experimental data and makes different predictions from the present quantum chemical methods in some cases, namely a stepwise pathway for the conrotatory photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, a concerted photochemical electrocyclisation for 1,3-cyclohexadiene via disrotatory motion, a concerted suprafacial [1,5] sigmatropic shift with inversion for norcaradiene, a concerted suprafacial [1,3] carbon shift with inversion and retention, a concerted suprafacial photochemical [1,5] hydrogen migration, a concerted photochemical [3,3] shift, stabilisation of cyclic 4nπ$4n\pi$ electron systems by delocalisation and their excess energy is due only to electronic repulsion and strain, the monohomocyclopropenium and cyclopropenyl cations are not ‘aromatic’. The available empirical evidence is consistent with these new predictions. This finding is consistent with Santilli's hadronic chemistry which proposes that the present quantum chemical theories require the addition of a small correction factor for molecules with two or more electrons. It is also consistent with the fact that it is impractical to calculate an exact representation for complex chemical systems using quantum based methods. Replacing double bonds with strained systems, such as the norbornene ring, is predicted to convert stepwise pathways to concerted.     

Comparison of serum myoglobin and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

We compared the clinical usefulness of serum myoglobin and creatine kinase MB (CK MB) isoenzyme determinations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in 109 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Of these, 37 patients were diagnosed as having definite infarction, three possible infarction, and 69 no infarction, using World Heath Organisation criteria. Blood samples were taken on admission and two to four hours later, Both CK MB and myoglobin were raised in the initial serum samples in 24 of the 37 patients with definite infarction. In an additional seven patients both CK MB and myoglobin were negative in the first specimen though both were detected in the second sample. In five patients CK MB preceded the appearance of myoglobin while in the remaining patient myoglobin appeared before CK MB. We conclude that the detection of serum myoglobin does not offer any clinical advantage over CK MG as an early indicator of myocardial infarction.     

Synthesis and characterisation of thermo-sensitive terpolymer hydrogels for drug delivery applications

In this study, thermo-sensitive terpolymer hydrogels based on N-tert-butylacrylamide (NtBAAm), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) were successfully photopolymerised and characterised. 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone (Irgacure 184) and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propanone (Irgacure 2959) were used as light-sensitive initiators to initiate the reactions. Chemical structures of the hydrogels were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrogels were also characterised using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) for their glass transition and phase transition temperatures. A single glass transition temperature (T _g ) was observed, further confirming successful formation of a terpolymer. The hydrogels were thermo-responsive, exhibiting a decrease in lower critical solution temperature (LCST) as the NtBAAm weight ratio was increased. Pulsatile swelling studies indicated that the hydrogels had thermo-reversible properties and the swelling properties were dependent on test temperature, monomer feed ratios and crosslinker content. The proposed hydrogel system could find applications in a broader field of gel/drug interaction, for the development of controlled release and targeted delivery devices.