全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1652篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 89篇 |
金属工艺 | 7篇 |
机械仪表 | 14篇 |
建筑科学 | 21篇 |
矿业工程 | 1篇 |
能源动力 | 11篇 |
轻工业 | 53篇 |
水利工程 | 15篇 |
石油天然气 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 45篇 |
一般工业技术 | 78篇 |
冶金工业 | 1272篇 |
原子能技术 | 1篇 |
自动化技术 | 40篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 373篇 |
1997年 | 206篇 |
1996年 | 132篇 |
1995年 | 71篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 41篇 |
1976年 | 114篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1660条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
HG Tiselius C Berg AM Fornander MA Nilsson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,7(1):381-9; discussion 389-90
Urinary citrate appears to be an important factor in the crystallization process of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The urinary excretion of citrate was found to be significantly lower in patients with calcium oxalate stone disease as compared with normal subjects, and about 30 per cent of the calcium stone formers can be considered as hypocitraturic. The lowest excretion of citrate was recorded in urine collected during the night. Citrate has significant effects on supersaturation with respect to both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it also inhibits the growth of these crystals. In addition, citrate appears to be capable of inhibiting the aggregation of crystals composed of calcium oxalate, brushite, and hydroxyapatite. The heterogenous growth of calcium oxalate on calcium phosphate is also counteracted by citrate. As a consequence of the crucial role of citrate in these processes, stone prevention with alkaline citrate has become an attractive form of treatment in patients with recurrent stone formation. Single evening dose administration of sodium potassium citrate resulted in an of sodium potassium citrate resulted in an increased excretion of citrate, reduced levels of the calcium/citrate ratio as well as supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and a decreased rate of stone formation. However, conflicting results of stone preventive treatment with alkaline citrate have been reported by different groups, and long-term follow-up of patients treated in a randomized way is necessary to definitely assess the efficacy of alkaline citrate. 相似文献
2.
AE Speckens AM Van Hemert JH Bolk HG Rooijmans MW Hengeveld 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,26(4):745-752
BACKGROUND: Measurement of intracardiac hemodynamic parameters has been limited to brief periods in the acute care setting. We developed and evaluated an implantable hemodynamic monitor that is capable of measuring chronic right ventricular oxygen saturation and pulmonary artery pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS: The device consists of an electronic controller placed subcutaneously and two transvenous leads placed in the right ventricle (reflectance oximeter) and pulmonary artery (variable capacitance pressure sensor). Implantation was performed in 10 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Average implant pulmonary artery pressures were systolic, 52 +/- 16 mm Hg; diastolic, 29 +/- 11 mm Hg; and mean, 40 +/- 12 mm Hg. The mean right ventricular oxygen saturation at implant was 51%. Provocative maneuvers, including postural changes, sublingual nitroglycerin, and bicycle exercise, demonstrated expected changes in measured oxygen saturation and pulmonary artery pressures over time. At follow-up of 0.5 to 15.5 months, there were no significant differences between pulmonary artery pressures or oxygen saturation values transmitted from the device and simultaneous measurement with balloon flotation catheters. Four of the pulmonary artery leads dislodged and three demonstrated sensor drift, whereas two of the oxygen saturation sensors failed. Four patients died and four received transplants. Pathological study did not demonstrate injury to the right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonic valve. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic measurement of hemodynamic parameters in the outpatient setting with implantable sensor technology appears to be feasible. The devices are well tolerated without significant untoward effects, and the sensors generally function well over time, providing reliable information. Clinical usefulness remains to be established. 相似文献
3.
Tracheobronchial stent insertion is a relatively new technique used to palliate or cure central airways obstruction. When performed by experienced thoracic endoscopists, this procedure is both safe and effective, even if complications of indwelling stents may require repeat endoscopic intervention. Although proven clinically beneficial to many patients, airway prostheses have not yet been the subject of large comparative case studies or randomized controlled investigations. Reports are often experiential and anecdotal. Further research is needed to determine the effects of stenting on survival in patients with malignant airway disease and its degree of success in patients with benign airway strictures. Only then will airway stents truly deserve their place alongside other therapies for tracheobronchial obstruction. 相似文献
4.
GA Iotti MC Olivei A Palo C Galbusera R Veronesi A Comelli JX Brunner A Braschi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,23(4):399-405
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanical effects of artificial noses. SETTING: A general intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 10 patients in pressure support ventilation for acute respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS: The following three conditions were randomly tested on each patient: the use of a heated humidifier (control condition), the use of a heat and moisture exchanger without filtering function (HME), and the use of a combined heat and moisture exchanger and mechanical filter (HMEF). The pressure support level was automatically adapted by means of a closed-loop control in order to obtain constancy, throughout the study, of patient inspiratory effort as evaluated from airway occlusion pressure at 0.1 s (P0.1). Patient's ventilatory pattern, P0.1, work of breathing, and blood gases were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The artificial noses increased different components of the inspiratory load: inspiratory resistance, ventilation requirements (due to increased dead space ventilation), and dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The additional load imposed by the artificial noses was entirely undertaken by the ventilator, being the closed-loop control of P0.1 effective to maintain constancy of patient inspiratory work by means of adequate increases in pressure support level. CONCLUSIONS: The artificial noses cause unfavorable mechanical effects by increasing inspiratory resistance, ventilation requirements, and dynamic intrinsic PEEP. Clinicians should consider these effects when setting mechanical ventilation and when assessing patients' ability to breathe spontaneously. 相似文献
5.
O Rick HG Heuft G Wittmann R Blasczyk D Huhn N Schwella 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,12(4):179-182
The heterocomplex of glycoproteins E and NS1 of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus was isolated from culture fluid of continuous SPEV (porcine embryo kidney) cells by affinity chromatography on CL4B sepharose with immobilized monoclonal antibodies to TBE virus protein NS1. Comparison of the TBE E-NS1 heterocomplex from culture fluid and cells showed the predominance of secreted extracellular form. A similar TBE virus heterocomplex E-NS1 was revealed in the blood sera of patients with TBE but not in their lymphocytes. Extracellular localization of the E-NS1 complex at the late stage of infection rules out its hypothesized participation in the replication of TBE virus. Virtual absence of the heterocomplex and presence of proteins E and NS1 in high concentrations in the cells makes the nonspecific aggregation of these proteins impossible. Evidently, the extracellular heterocomplex E-NS1 may react with virusspecific antibodies or with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 相似文献
6.
7.
EH Eddes AM Masclee HG Gooszen M Fr?lich CB Lamers 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,174(4):387-392
Two mobilizable cloning vectors, designated pABW1 and pAWB2, were constructed basing on the E. coli vector pBGS18 and oriT originating from RK2. In pABW2 the kanamycin resistance gene was replaced by a novel tetracycline resistance cassette derived from Tn1721. Both vectors, specific for E. coli, allow to perform the cloning steps in E. coli and then to efficiently transfer the constructs by conjugation to the host of choice. A vector which cannot propagate in the given host can be applied for identification of the host specific plasmid replicator regions. With the use of pABW2 we defined the minimal replicator region of pTAV202-a mini-derivative of the large pTAV1 plasmid of P. versutus. We also proved that RepC' encoded on this fragment is the principal initiator replication protein and that oriV is located along its coding sequence. 相似文献
8.
J Weber P Majer J Litera J Urban M Soucek J Vondrásek J Konvalinka P Novek J Sedlácek P Strop HG Kr?usslich I Pichová 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,341(1):62-69
The results of investigation of haptoglobin (Hp) types in 596 donor blood samples in some towns of Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev, Uzhgorod, Zhitomir) are presented. Three normal Hp types (Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2) have been found. The reliable interpopulation differences in the Hp types frequency were not found. On the whole the Hp types frequency in the type Hp1-1 comprised 12.7%. In the type Hp2-1-48.1% and in the type Hp2-2-36.5%. The frequency of the gene Hp1 is 0.38. The frequency of the Hp types and of the gene Hpl in Ukraine is similar to that in population of Eastern Europe and European Part of Russia. 相似文献
9.
FM Loehrer CP Angst FP Brunner WE Haefeli B Fowler 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,13(3):656-661
BACKGROUND: Elevated homocysteine concentrations have been associated with premature arteriosclerosis and with impairment of key methylation reactions through accumulation of the homocysteine metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine. In end-stage renal failure high homocysteine concentrations are commonly found but thus far the concentrations of related adenosylated metabolites in plasma have not been assessed. METHODS: In this prospective study we determined plasma homocysteine and related metabolites in 25 patients on regular haemodialysis, and in 40 healthy volunteers. Blood samples from patients were drawn immediately before and in 10 patients additionally after the dialysis session. RESULTS: Folic acid and vitamin B12 in plasma were similar in patients (mean +/- SEM 25+/-2 nmol/l and 400+/-41 pmol/l respectively) and controls (24+/-3 and 324+/-23 respectively). In patients plasma homocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine were markedly elevated (36.6+/-3.6 micromol/l, 381+/-32nmol/l and 1074+/-55 nmol/l respectively) compared to the control values (6.8+/-0.4 micromol/l, 60+/-3 nmol/l and 24.4+/-1.1 nmol/l respectively) whereas the molar ratio of plasma S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine was significantly decreased (0.36+/-0.02 and 2.7+/-0.2 in patients and controls respectively). Haemodialysis failed to normalize the abnormal levels of these metabolites. CONCLUSION: Since the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine : S-adenosylhomocysteine is closely linked to the activity of numerous enzymatic methylation reactions, these results suggest that methylation may be impaired in these patients. 相似文献
10.
The protease-protected 30 kDa domain of SecA is largely inaccessible to the membrane lipid phase 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SecA binds to the inner membrane of Escherichia coli through low affinity lipid interactions or with high affinity at SecYEG, the integral domain of preprotein translocase. Upon addition of preprotein and nucleotide, a 30 kDa domain of SecYEG-bound SecA is protected from proteolysis via membrane insertion. Such protection could result from some combination of insertion into the lipid phase, into a proteinaceous environment or across the membrane. To assess the exposure of SecYEG-bound SecA to membrane lipids, a radiolabeled, photoactivatable and lipid-partitioning crosslinker, 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m[125I]iodophenyl) diazirine benzoic acid ester, was incorporated into inner membrane vesicles. The 30 kDa domain of SecYEG-bound SecA, inserted into the membrane in response to translocation ligands, is 18-fold less labeled than SecY, which is labeled effectively. In contrast, incorporation of the purified 30 kDa SecA fragment into crosslinker-containing detergent micelles or addition of detergent to crosslinker-containing membranes bearing the protease-protected SecA domain readily allows for labeling of this domain. We propose that the protease-inaccessible 30 kDa SecA domain is shielded from the fatty acyl membrane phase by membrane-spanning SecYEG helices and/or is largely exposed to the periplasm. 相似文献