Separation of a thyroid-active fraction from unheated soya bean flour

An agent depressing thyroid function present in soya beans has been described. It is soluble at pH 4.2, in 2 vol. of acetone and 10% trichloroacetic acid and insoluble in 90% acetone, 90% ethanol and in ethyl ether. It is not precipitated by saturated ammonium sulphate and resists pancreatic digestion and boiling for 2 h, but is apparently destroyed by autoclaving. Evidence of its small molecular weight includes its dialysability and retardation on a Sephadex G25 column. It decreases iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and its incorporation into the diet increases the tri-iodothyronine-binding capacity of rat serum.     

Clinical and toxicologic aspects of the use of Ecstasy

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, the active compound of ecstacy (XTC) tablets) is a psychoactive amphetamine congener which in humans has a stimulatory effect and enhances feelings of openness and solidarity. MDMA is neurotoxic in animals. It depletes axonal serotonin stores, it inhibits serotonin synthesis by inhibiting tryptophan hydroxylase, and it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin into the neuron. These events lead to destruction of serotonergic axon terminals in animal brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors protect against the neurotoxic effects of MDMA. Binding of (+)[11C]McN-5652, a selective neuroligand for the serotonin transporter, is decreased in the brains of XTC-users. This indicates that XTC damages serotonergic axon terminals in human brain, also. We strongly advise against the use of XTC as the long-term clinical consequences are not known. In man, somatic life-threatening complications after XTC use include hyperthermia, hyponatraemia and liver failure. Psychiatric complications include psychosis, depression, panic disorder, and impulsive behaviour. The chronic psychosis responds poorly to therapy.     

Iron chelators for thalassaemia

We reported previously that a characteristic Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) gene was associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Hong Kong. It showed a 30 bp deletion at the carboxyl terminus with specific amino acid substitution Asp at codon 335 with reference to Gly in B95-8 LMP1. This deletion variant Asp335 was present in over 90% of NPC biopsy specimens. The present study attempted to determine the whole encoding sequence of the LMP1 gene in different EBV isolates from NPC, and its relation with EBV types. We found that 92% (34/37) of primary NPC tumours harboured EBV-1 and possessed the LMP1 deletion variant, of which 86% were Asp335 and 6% were Gly335. EBV-2 was present in 8% (3/37) of tumours and all contained the retention variant of the LMP1 gene. Sequencing of the whole encoding region of the LMP1 gene revealed that the deletion variant Asp335 and deletion variant Gly335 carried similar sequences. They showed 43 common nucleotide substitutions in 41 codons with reference to B95-8. The retention variant showed 52 base changes in 46 codons compared with B95-8. The amino acid alterations in both the deletion and retention variants were mostly clustered at the transmembrane domain of the protein. Furthermore, half of the substitutions were common to both variants, suggesting a common evolutionary selection pressure. Nonetheless, the 2 LMP1 variants showed differences in nucleotide alterations and were associated with different EBV types, suggesting the presence of 2 distinct EBV strains in Hong Kong NPC.     

I wish I were a warrior: The role of wishful identification in the effects of violent video games on aggression in adolescent boys.

This study tested the hypothesis that violent video games are especially likely to increase aggression when players identify with violent game characters. Dutch adolescent boys with low education ability (N=112) were randomly assigned to play a realistic or fantasy violent or nonviolent video game. Next, they competed with an ostensible partner on a reaction time task in which the winner could blast the loser with loud noise through headphones (the aggression measure). Participants were told that high noise levels could cause permanent hearing damage. Habitual video game exposure, trait aggressiveness, and sensation seeking were controlled for. As expected, the most aggressive participants were those who played a violent game and wished they were like a violent character in the game. These participants used noise levels loud enough to cause permanent hearing damage to their partners, even though their partners had not provoked them. These results show that identifying with violent video game characters makes players more aggressive. Players were especially likely to identify with violent characters in realistic games and with games they felt immersed in. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cardioprotective effect of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, deferoxamine, and deferiprone: mitochondrial function in cultured, iron-loaded heart cells

Because mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory complexes are important targets of iron toxicity, we used iron-loaded rat heart cells in culture to study the beneficial effect on mitochondrial enzymes of the iron chelators deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone (L1) and of antioxidants and reducing agents (ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex I-III) and succinate dehydrogenase were the most-sensitive indicators of iron toxicity and cardioprotective effect. Although at concentrations below 0.3 mmol/L the iron-mobilizing effect of L1 was less than that of DFO, both were equally effective in protecting or restoring mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity. At 1.0 mmol/L, L1 toxicity was manifested in respiratory enzyme inhibition, whereas DFO had no such effect. Ascorbate (0.057 to 5.7 mmol/L) had a mild cardioprotective effect at the highest concentration only, in association with decreased cellular iron uptake. By contrast, alpha-tocopherol (0.023 mmol/L) completely inhibited mitochondrial iron toxicity without affecting iron uptake or release, and irrespective of whether it was used before, during, or after in vitro iron loading. These observations illustrate the usefulness and limitations of iron chelators and other agents used for preventing iron toxicity to the heart and other vital organs, and they underline the need for exploring in more detail the effects of these agents in the clinical setting.     

Show your best self(ie): An exploratory study on selfie-related motivations and behavior in emerging adulthood

Although self-presentation has been studied for decades, social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook have produced novel opportunities for visual online self-presentation. Posting selfies is currently a popular mode of consciously constructing visual online self-presentations, yet most prior research is limited to selfie-posting alone. This study aimed to profile selfie-makers’ motivations and behavior, and examine the extent to which underlying mechanisms preceding selfie-posting are interconnected. Results of a survey (N?=?224; 79.9% females; M_age?=?21.66, SD_age?=?2.08) regarding selfie-behavior on SNS (e.g., Facebook and Instagram) characterized selfie-makers in emerging adulthood as mainly concerned with the social aspects of selfies. Entertainment and moment-retention were identified as main motivations for selfie-making. Findings supported the proposed Selfie-Stadium Model, representing various steps of selfie-taking and underlying motives as well as selection and editing before actual posting. This study on profiling selfie-makers and their self-presentation taps into a fairly new media use research domain.