New Technology, New Refractories. Engineering-Economic Analysis

The heat resistance of refractories, expressed in hours, heats, etc., is determined by the performance characteristics of the refractory lining and the observance of operating conditions of a plant. Currently, the efficiency of using refractories is assessed in terms of production cost per ton of the end product. In determining the production cost of a refractory, it is necessary to take into account not only the net cost but also additional expenditures expressed in roubles (less frequently, in US dollars) per ton of product. Taking, as an example, the use of different refractory materials in the service of the outer lining of the branch inlet of a vacuum degasser, we carried out an engineering-economic analysis of the potential applicability of actual refractories to one or the other technology. Improving the actual technology of using refractory materials provides a way towards improving economical efficiency.     

Effect of Temperature and Amount of Flux in a Charge on Structure and Phase Composition of Balkhash Copper Smelter Plant Slags

Metallurgist - Samples of converter slag of the Balkhash copper-smelting plant (BMZ), taken during their discharge from a converter, and experimental samples after conversion under laboratory...     

Processing Converter Slags with Total Utilization of All Components

Metallurgist - Currently, almost all plants converted to autogenous smelting of copper-containing concentrates use flotation of converter slags (CS) while leaving 0.55–0.90% Cu in tailings...     

Photoluminescence spectra of thin films of ZnTPP–C<Subscript>60</Subscript> and CuTPP–C<Subscript>60</Subscript> molecular complexes

The results of studies of thin composite films of zinc and copper tetraphenylporphyrins with different fractions of fullerene C₆₀ are reported. The photoluminescence spectra are recorded, and the composition and surface morphology are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The results show a difference in the structure of films with two types of metals (Zn, Cu) entering into the complex of the porphyrin macrocycle. An additional long-wavelength photoluminescence band at 1.4 eV is detected for the first time, which is evidence of the formation of ZnTPP–C₆₀ molecular complexes from a gas-dynamic vapor flow upon condensation. In CuTPP thin films, the processes of self-assembly into nanowires 20 nm in diameter and up to 50 µm in length and the formation of nanoheterojunctions upon the addition of fullerene C₆₀ are observed. Quantum-chemical calculations in the context of density-functional theory are carried out to interpret the experimental data.     

Fused periclase-chromite-base parts for steel ladle degassers

Conclusions The possibility of production of PKhP parts to TU 14-8-368-81 from a mixture of combined ground fused Periclase-chromite with the crust has been shown.These parts may on an equivalent basis replace standard PKhP parts produced from scarce fused periclase-chromite in the wall lining of a circulation degasser of Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine. It is desirable to continue production of experimental lots of PKhP parts of a combined ground mixture of fused periclase-chromite with the crust and to test them in the zones of a circulation degasser lining with more severe service conditions (bottom, snorkel) and also to test them in batch and circulation type degassers for the purpose of studying the possibility of use of these refractories in place of standard PKhP parts.The introduction of PKhP parts of a combined ground mixture of fused periclase-chromite with the crust makes it possible to eliminate the costs of manual labor for separation of the crust from the fused periclase-chromite and for sorting of the block and to increase the yield of acceptable periclase-chromite for the production of PKhP parts by not less than 20%. To provide stable quality of such parts careful control of the chemical composition of the raw material of fused Periclase-chromite with the crust used for production of parts is necessary.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 25–27, July, 1993.     

Burning clinker for high-alumina cement in a rotary kiln

Conclusions We prepared clinker for high-alumina cement in a rotary kiln and determined the material balance in firing when preparing the raw mixtures with two methods: granulation in a plate granulator and briquetting on a roller press. It is shown that much less dust removal (4%) is ensured by firing the briquets obtained on the roller press. The aluminous cement obtained with this technology has a high graded strength.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 34–36, June, 1987.