Entity linking systems for literature reviews

Scientometrics - Computer-assisted methods and tools can help researchers automate the coding process of literature reviews and accelerate the literature review process. However, existing...     

Cultivation and downstream processing of microalgae and cyanobacteria to generate protein-based technofunctional food ingredients

Abstract

Microalgae are unicellular microorganisms that can be rich in proteins and are therefore a valuable ingredient in different foods. So far microalgae are mainly utilized in foods in low concentrations as a whole-cell ingredient even though it is known that proteins extracted from microalgae can possibly posess various technofunctional properties, such as high protein solubility, emulsification, foaming, and gelation properties. The widespread usage of protein-rich ingredients obtained from microalgae is for the most part prevented by the high price of the biomass, the lack of efficient downstream processes, and the adverse taste. The aim of this review is to give insights into the fundamental properties of the growth and processing of microalgae, highlight the advantages of microalgae ingredients and show potential applications based on the technofunctional, nutritional and sensory properties that were reported. Moreover, the existing challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder the application of microalgal proteins in foods are discussed.     

Enabling simulation interoperability

Over the past years a series of architectures have addressed the need to link multiple simulations. These efforts have been driven primarily by the desire to reuse existing "best of breed" simulations in new combinations to avoid developing any single, monolithic architecture with the impossible goal of meeting all simulation needs. The US Department of Defense began developing the high level architecture (HLA) for distributed computer simulation systems. The high level architecture addresses the need to link multiple computer simulation systems. HLA separates the data model from the architecture's functions for exchanging information.     

Phase I trial of inhaled natural interleukin 2 for treatment of pulmonary malignancy: toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biological effects

Safety, local and systemic immunomodulation, and tumor response to treatment with aerosolized natural interleukin 2 (nIL-2) applied five times a day were studied in a Phase I trial in 16 patients with pulmonary malignancies refractory to conventional therapy. The toxicity of inhaled nIL-2 was different from that observed after systemic administration. Reversible airway irritation causing a nonproductive cough represented the dose-limiting toxicity. Mild to moderate reduction of the vital capacity and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) with minor effects on relative FEV1, peak expiratory flow, airway resistance, and PaO2 was experienced by individual patients. In 14 patients suffering from pulmonary metastases due to renal cell cancer, one durable complete response, one partial response, and one mixed response were observed. Inhalation of nIL-2 aerosol resulted in a dose-dependent expansion of pulmonary immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Posttreatment bronchoalveolar lavage showed an activated lymphocyte phenotype with increased HLA-DR expression. The only systemic biological effect detectable in peripheral blood was a marked increase of soluble interleukin 2 receptor serum levels. We conclude that treatment with aerosolized nIL-2 is an effective means for site-specific immunomodulation and deserves further investigation for the treatment of malignant and inflammatory lung disease.     

Advanced adhesive restorations: the post-amalgam age

Due to patient demand for biocompatible, safe, and tooth-colored restorations, the use of amalgam as a restorative material has been declining. Currently, the profession of operative dentistry is in a state of transition from the amalgam age to the post-amalgam age. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the current state of the art of tooth-colored restoratives--amalgam substitutes and amalgam alternatives--used either as direct or laboratory fabricated restorations nationally and internationally. Adhesive dentistry is discussed in detail, with tooth preparation as the key element. The challenges facing the clinician during the transition period include clinician education, restorative concepts and teaching competence, costs, prevention, and maintenance.     

Symposium zur ?kologie des Schwarzwildes am 15. und 16. April 1996 in Mainz

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Inductive proximity sensor with a flat coil and a new differential relaxation oscillator

A high-sensitivity flat-coil inductive proximity sensor microsystem has been realized and successfully tested. The flat coil, made with CMOS-compatible post processes, is connected to a versatile differential relaxation oscillator electronic interface. In this new and simple interface, the excitation, the signal extraction and amplification are assured by only one operational amplifier. Experimental results on the microsystem confirm that large output frequency variations occur when a metallic target approaches the sensor.