Behavior analysis in intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have deficits in adaptive behavior, slow rates of learning, and behavior disorders that interfere with learning or place them or others at risk. Since the 1960s, researchers and clinicians in the field of applied behavior analysis have used methods based on principles of learning to increase adaptive behavior and decrease the occurrence of behavior disorders of individuals with IDD. This article provides an overview of assessment and treatment strategies used in behavior analysis to effect positive changes in the quality of life for individuals with IDD and presents an illustrative case study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Voltage variable microwave phase shifter

Results are given on the fabrication, test and theory of operation of a voltage-controlled, continuously variable phase shifter designed to operate from DC to 150 GHz. The device was fabricated in a way that makes it compatible with current gallium arsenide monolithic microwave circuit technology.     

Solid state monolithic variable phase shifter with operation into the millimeter wave wavelength regime

Information is provided on the theory and design, fabrication, and experimental results for a phase shifter designed to operate in the millimeter wavelength region. The device was fabricated in a manner that makes it compatible with present GaAs monolithic microwave circuit technology. Continuously variable phase shift is obtained by varying the bias voltage from ?5.0 to +0.65 V on a Schottky microstrip line. Experimental phase shift and loss data are provided for two different width (w) Schottky lines, w=1.5 and 7.3 μm, for frequencies 2–18 GHz.     

Dielectric constant of semi-insulating indium phosphide

Results are given on precision measurements of the relative dielectric constant of semi-insulating indium phosphide. It is concluded that the static value is within less than 0.5% of 12.55 based on a statistical average of a large number of measurements on several material samples.     

Theory and numerical calculations for radially inhomogeneouscircular ferrite circulators

This paper presents a new theory for the operation of microstrip and stripline circulators, specially set up to permit radial variation of all the magnetic parameters. A computer code, taking only a few seconds per calculated point on a modest computer, was developed from the theory, and calculated results are given. In the theory we develop a two-dimensional (2-D) recursive Green's function G suitable for determining the electric field E_x anywhere within a microstrip or stripline circulator. The recursive nature of G is a reflection of the inhomogeneous region being broken up into one inner disk containing a singularity and N annuli. G has the correct properties to allow matching to the external ports, thereby enabling s-parameters to be found for a three-port ferrite circulator. Because of the general nature of the problem construction, the ports may be located at arbitrary azimuthal angle φ and possess arbitrary line widths. Inhomogeneities may occur in the applied magnetic field H_app, magnetization 4πM_s, and demagnetization factor N_d . All magnetic inhomogeneity effects can be put into the frequency dependent tensor elements of the anisotropic permeability tensor. Numerical results are presented for the simpler but immensely practical case of symmetrically disposed ports of equal widths taking into account these radial inhomogeneities. Studies of breaking up the area into 1, 2, and 5 annuli are undertaken to treat specific inhomogeneous problems. The computer code which evaluates the recursive Green's function is very efficient and has no convergence problems     

Millimeter-wave InP lateral transferred-electron oscillators

A lateral InP transferred-electron device (TED) designed with a high-resistivity notch adjacent to the cathode contact is presented, and its application to millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits is demonstrated. At 29.9 GHz, a CW power output of 29.1 mW with a conversion efficiency of 6.7% has been obtained from cavity-tuned discrete devices. This result represents the highest power output and efficiency of a lateral TED in this frequency range. The lateral devices also had a CW power output of 0.4 mW at 98.5 GHz and 0.9 mW at 75.2 GHz. A 79.9-GHz monolithic oscillator incorporating the lateral TED is reported. Experimental and theoretical results which further the understanding of the lateral device operation are presented     

Zehn Thesen zur Präimplantationsdiagnostik

Ethik in der Medizin -     

Microwave triode amplifiers from 1 to 2 GHz using molybdenumthin-film-field-emission cathode devices

Experimental results are presented on microwave amplifiers using Molybdenum Thin Film-Field-Emission cathode devices, fabricated at Stanford Research Institute (SRT). A device having 250 tips, operating at 4.8 mA of current with g_m=840 μS is inferred to have an intrinsic power gain of 7 dB at 1.1 GHz. Other results are given for frequencies up to 1.7 GHz. For the first time, device and circuit modeling of sufficient accuracy has been performed that it is possible to confidently deduce the intrinsic performance parameters of the FE devices. The importance of integrated matching circuits for optimum power gain performance is exposed and quantified     

Age patterns of smoking in US black and white women of childbearing age

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to describe age patterns of smoking among Black and White women of reproductive age, with cohort membership controlled for. METHOD: Data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Supplement, weighted to be nationally representative, were used to calculate the fractions of women who were ever smokers, quitters, and current smokers by age and race. Summary distributions of age patterns of smoking behaviors by race were estimated; proportional hazard models were used to avoid confounding of age and cohort. RESULTS: White women begin smoking at younger ages than do Blacks but are more likely to quit and to do so at young ages. Rates of current smoking converge between Blacks and Whites by age 25, and may cross over by 30. Education-standardized results show larger Black-White differentials in ever smoking and smaller differences in quitting. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that women's age patterns of smoking vary by race. Age x race interactions should be considered in smoking research and anti-tobacco interventions. For Black women, delayed initiation and failure to quit call for increased emphasis on interventions tailored to adults. These findings have possible implications for understanding Black-White differences in low birthweight, child health, and women's health.     

Large-microstrip-step-discontinuity model useful to 10 GHz

The effect of field fringing at microstrip impedance steps is shown to be representable by a Section of lossy microstrip transmission line. The experimental solution for the step-model parameters is described. Specific results are presented for much used 0-0635 cm-thick alumina substrates.