The Mechanism of Mechanochemical Interaction between Amorphous Silicon Dioxide and Pyrocatechol

Silicon - The products of solid-phase mechanochemical interaction between pyrocatechol and silicon dioxide yielding a powdered composite were studied using a number of physicochemical methods. This...     

Transverse magnetoresistance peculiarities of thermoelectric Lu-doped Bi2Te3 compound due to strong electrical disorder

The n-type thermoelectric Bi_1.9Lu_0.1Te₃ was prepared by microwave-solvothermal method and spark plasma sintering. The magnetic field and temperature dependences of transverse magnetoresistance measured within temperature 2–200 K interval allow finding the peculiarities characteristic for strongly disordered and inhomogeneous semiconductors. The first peculiarity is due to appearance of linear-in-magnetic field contribution to the total magnetoresistance reflected in a crossover from quadratic magnetoresistance at low magnetic fields to linear magnetoresistance at high magnetic fields. The linear magnetoresistance can result from the Hall resistance picked up from macroscopically distorted current paths due to local variations in stoichiometry of the compound studied. The second peculiarity is that both linear magnetoresistance magnitude and crossover field are functions of carrier mobility which is in agreement with the Parish and Littlewood model developed for disordered and inhomogeneous semiconductors. An increase in the mobility due to a decrease in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the magnetoresistance magnitude and a decrease in the crossover field. Finally, the third peculiarity is related to the remarkable deviation of the total magnetoresistance measured at various temperatures from the Kohler's rule. Presence of strong inhomogeneity and disorder in the Bi_1.9Lu_0.1Te₃ structure concluded from the magnetoresistance peculiarities can be responsible for the remarkable reduction in the total thermal conductivity of this compound.     

Use of radial forces for fault detection in tapping

A model-based method for fault detection in tapping based on torque and radial forces is proposed. The method allows the identification of faults typical of a tapping operation including axial misalignment, tap runout, tooth breakage both singly and together. The validation experiments have been run on aluminum 356 workpieces for different combinations of process faults. Results have shown that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental radial force and torque signals under various fault conditions.     

Synthesis of Sialon from Kaolin and Its Phase Formation

The main phase transformations during synthesis of β‐sialon from kaolin of the Prosyanovskii deposit (Ukraine) under test-industrial production conditions have been studied. Sialon was prepared by carbothermal reduction in graphite-tube furnaces in nitrogen. It is shown that the process is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of several chemical reactions with formation of intermediate phases (Si₂ON₂, X₁‐phase), silicon carbide, and (apart from β‐sialon) sialons based on AlN polytypes. The phase composition of the final product is determined not only by the charge composition but also by the set of production parameters. Results of the work may provide a basis for commercial preparation of sialon powder.     

Flow of polymeric melts in short tubes

In an attempt to further understand the flow of polymeric melts through gates in injection molding, the present investigation deals with measurement of pressure drops during isothermal extrusion of fiber-filled and unfilled polystyrene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate melts in short tubes with sudden contraction at high shear rates typical of injection molding. Flow curves for these materials have been determined over a wide range of shear rates at various temperatures by using a capillary rheometer and extruder. Measurements indicate that rheological properties of fiber-filled melts after injection molding differ from those of fresh samples. Moreover, it has been found that decreasing the tube length increases the slope of the curve for pressure drop vs. Volumetric flow rate. Extra pressure losses due to end effects have been determined which show that at high shear rates these losses can reach levels as high as 100 bar, with the effect being higher for the fiber-filled melts. By using a viscoelastic consitutive equation, the extra pressure losses have been separated into entrance and exit losses. Model parameters required for this calculation have been determined from viscosity-shear rate curves for the melts. For various polymers, master curves useful for industrial applications have been constructed for the extra pressure losses.     

Helicoseir as Shape of a Rotating String (I): 2D Theory and Simulation Using ANCF

A physically simple but mathematically cumbersome problem of rotating heavy string with one fixed top point was studied. A nonlinear equation of its two-dimensional shapes of relative equilibrium was obtained and solved numerically. A linear case of small displacements was analyzed in terms of Bessel functions. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of the problem is discussed with the help of a bifurcation diagram. Dynamics of the two-dimensional model near the equilibrium positions were studied with the help of a simulation using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF); the equilibriums were found to be instable. The reason for instability is explained using a variational principle. The outlines for further full three-dimensional analysis are briefly proposed in this paper, and the full derivation will be explained in the next paper.