INTERFEROMETRIC STUDIES OF INTERFACIAL MASS TRANSFER IN A LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEM

Interfacial concentrations were found using a specially designed interferometer and a flowing junction cell. The relationship between refractive index and concentration was established by means of a new refractometer. Both optical instruments had a sensitivity of 1 × 10^?1.

Fringe patterns yielded concentration profiles and total solute transfer at any time. For the system water/acetic acid/carbon tetrachloride equilibrium was never reached at the interface at any solution strength. This indicates the presence of an interfacial resistance. In some cases density driven disturbances were initiated at the surface causing mixing effects.

Interfacial resistance to mass transfer was shown to exist. This resistance was evaluated for different initial concentrations of solution and is time dependent. An empirical relationship is proposed for predicting the value of the interfacial resistance at any exposure time.     

VISUAL IMAGERY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYPNOSIS.

MEASURED VISUAL IMAGERY UNDER SENSORY RESTRICTION AND UNDER RHYTHMIC PHOTIC STIMULATION TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HIGH VISUAL-IMAGERY INDIVIDUALS WOULD BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO HYPNOSIS. SUPPORT FOR THE HYPOTHESIS WAS OBTAINED PRIMARILY FROM IMAGERY MEASURES THAT INSTRUCTED 784 STUDENTS TO TRY TO SEE CERTAIN SPECIFIED IMAGES. LITTLE SUPPORT WAS OBTAINED USING LESS PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES TAPPING FREE, SPONTANEOUS IMAGERY. THE DIMENSIONS OF IMAGERY AND POSSIBLE SEX DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL IMAGERY WERE STUDIED. (29 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PATTERNS OF DEFENSIVE RESPONSE TO THREATENING STIMULI: ANTECEDENTS AND CONSISTENCY.

FOCUSES ON: (1) THE CONSISTENCY WITH WHICH INDIVIDUALS MANIFEST A VIGILANT OR DEFENSIVE PATTERN OF RESPONSE TO THREAT IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF PERCEPTUAL AND CONCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING, (2) THE FACTORS WHICH PREDISPOSE AN INDIVIDUAL TO 1 OR THE OTHER OF THESE DEFENSIVE MODES IN A GIVEN SITUATION, AND (3) THE PROCESSES WHICH UNDERLIE OR INFLUENCE THE DEGREE AND PATTERN OF CONSISTENCY OBTAINED. (28 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VANADIUM AND MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS IN CLAYS1

Eight different light-firing clays and shales containing small amounts of insoluble vanadium and molybdenum compounds were studied. It was found that during firing, soluble salts of these elements were formed which later appeared as a green-yellow efflorescence on the fired clay. The color of the efflorescence was chiefly due to alkali vanadates. It was found that the use of either sodium fluosilicate or calcium fluoride is effective in eliminating the green-yellow efflorescence. The use of these chemicals is usually a more economical procedure than either hard firing or the use of lead compounds. The results of various trial firings made with clays to which were added varying amounts of several different chemicals are given.     

Imaging techniques for observing laminar geometry in the feather shaft cortex

By being at the interface of the exocytic and endocytic pathways, the plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a multitasking and highly diversified organelle. Despite governing vital cellular processes, the TGN remains one of the most uncharacterized organelle of plant cells. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have contributed new insights and to the generation of markers needed to answer several important questions on the plant TGN. Several drugs specifically affecting proteins critical for the TGN functions have been extremely useful for the identification of mutants of the TGN in the pursuit to understand how the morphology and the function of this organelle are controlled. In addition to these chemical tools, we review emerging microscopy techniques that help visualize the TGN at an unpreceded resolution and appreciate the heterogeneity and dynamics of this organelle in plant cells.     

Comparison of Four Different Methods for the Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Winged Bean Seeds

Two chemical and two enzymatic procedures were evaluated with respect to efficiency of protein removal and consistency in yield and composition of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber from winged bean seeds, (cultivar TPT-2). Considerable variability was observed in the yield and composition of the fiber fractions, but the results became more consistent when contamination of the non-carbohydrate components (protein, ash and lignin) were accounted for in the calculations. The constituent sugars of polysaccharides were found to be similar in all four methods. Results indicated the need to critically optimize conditions to achieve efficient deproteinization and the need to differentiate “inherent” and “contaminating” protein.     

PHYSICAL ABSORPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN WATER FLOWING IN AN INCLINED CELL

Studies of the mass transfer mechanisms which occur when CO₂ is absorbed into flowing water films in an inclined cell are described. The amount of gas absorbed is small and therefore a highly sensitive optical apparatus was used to obtain direct concentration readings. Gas bulk concentrations in the liquid were obtained by titration. The experimental work was mainly confined to angles of inclination less than 5^°.

Hydrodynamic studies showing increased flow rates at the sides of the inclined cell, due to meniscus effects, are presented. Hydrodynamic “end effects” at the liquid exit from the cell, which cause increases in the absorption, have been successfully minimised by the design of the apparatus and the experimental technique employed.

It is demonstrated, for angles of inclination less than 3^°, that convective disturbances (in the form of micioflows, eddies or perturbations) are present in the liquid. These perturbations are not visible or directly determinable. They produce an increased solute transport from the liquid surface over that which can occur by molecular diffusion alone. Beyond 3^° inclination the disturbances or perturbations persist and are reinforced by hydrodynamic instabilities eventually leading to observable wave formation.     

Magnetic Properties and Associated Microstructure of Zinc-Bearing Square-Loop Ferrites

Zinc oxide was added to square-loop ferrite compositions in order to obtain a lower coercive force and higher magnetic saturation induction than that usually possible from standard commercial square-loop ferrites. Curie temperatures, hysteresis loops, initial permeabilities, magnetization curves, and switching times for these zinc-bearing square-loop ferrites were determined, and representative curves of these parameters are given. Grain structure and etchpit density were also studied, and typical photomicrographs are presented. Zinc oxide can be added to square-loop ferrites to great advantage, but if too much is added, the useful magnetic properties degenerate completely.