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1.
Budson Andrew E.; Simons Jon S.; Sullivan Alison L.; Beier Jonathan S.; Solomon Paul R.; Scinto Leonard F.; Daffner Kirk R.; Schacter Daniel L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,18(2):315
National traumatic events can produce extremely vivid memories. Using a questionnaire administered during telephone interviews, the authors investigated emotional responses to, and memory for. the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy older adults in the initial weeks following the event and again 3-4 months later. There were several notable findings. First, patients with AD showed less memory than patients with MCI and older adults. Second, patients with AD, but not patients with MCI or older adults, appeared to retain more memory for personal versus factual information. Third, patients with AD and older adults did not differ in the intensity of their reported emotional responses to the attacks, whereas patients with MCI reported relatively less intense emotional responses. Last, distortions of memory for personal information were frequent for all participants but were more common in patients with AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Chua Elizabeth F.; Schacter Daniel L.; Sperling Reisa A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,24(1):139
Although several studies have examined the neural basis for age-related changes in objective memory performance, less is known about how the process of memory monitoring changes with aging. The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine retrospective confidence in memory performance in aging. During low confidence, both younger and older adults showed behavioral evidence that they were guessing during recognition and that they were aware they were guessing when making confidence judgments. Similarly, both younger and older adults showed increased neural activity during low- compared to high-confidence responses in the lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and left intraparietal sulcus. In contrast, older adults showed more high-confidence errors than younger adults. Younger adults showed greater activity for high compared to low confidence in medial temporal lobe structures, but older adults did not show this pattern. Taken together, these findings may suggest that impairments in the confidence–accuracy relationship for memory in older adults, which are often driven by high-confidence errors, may be primarily related to altered neural signals associated with greater activity for high-confidence responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
4.
Kensinger Elizabeth A.; Gutchess Angela H.; Schacter Daniel L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,22(4):781
The effects of emotion on memory are often described in terms of trade-offs: People often remember central, emotional information at the expense of background details. The present experiment examined the effects of aging and encoding instructions on participants' ability to remember the details of central emotional objects and the backgrounds on which those objects were placed. When young and older adults passively viewed scenes, both age groups showed strong emotion-induced trade-offs. They were able to remember the visual details as well as the general theme of the emotional object, but they had difficulties remembering the visual specifics of the scene background. Age differences emerged, however, when participants were given encoding instructions that emphasized elaborative encoding of the entire scene. With these instructions, young adults overcame the trade-offs (i.e., they no longer showed impairing effects of emotion), whereas older adults continued to show good memory for the emotional object but poor memory for its background. These results suggest that aging impairs the ability to flexibly disengage attention from the negative arousing elements of scenes, preventing the successful encoding of nonemotional aspects of the environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
DL Schacter A Uecker E Reiman LS Yun D Bandy K Chen LA Cooper T Curran 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,8(18):3993-3998
To determine whether physical match between studied and tested items influences blood flow increases in the hippocampal formation associated with recognition memory, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow while healthy volunteers made old/new judgements about line drawings of objects. Some objects were tested in the same size and orientation as they had appeared earlier during the study phase of the experiment; other objects were tested in a different size or orientation than when they were studied. Blood flow increases in the vicinity of the hippocampal formation were observed in the same object condition compared with the size change and the orientation change conditions, even though recognition accuracy was affected significantly only by orientation change. Results add to previous findings suggesting that physical similarity between studied items and test cues may contribute to hippocampal activation during episodic retrieval. 相似文献
6.
McNally Richard J.; Clancy Susan A.; Schacter Daniel L.; Pitman Roger K. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2000,109(3):355
Psychologically traumatized people exhibit delayed color naming of trauma words in the emotional Stroop task. Four groups of participants were asked to color name positive words, neutral words, and trauma words; these groups included 15 women who believed that they harbored repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), 13 women who reported recovered memories of CSA, 15 women who had never forgotten their CSA, and 12 women who had never been abused. Repressed-memory participants exhibited patterns of interference indistinguishable from those of the nonabused control group participants. Irrespective of group membership, the severity of self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms was the only significant predictor of trauma-related interference, r(48)?=?.30?, p? 相似文献
7.
Budson Andrew E.; Daffner Kirk R.; Desikan Rahul; Schacter Daniel L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2000,14(2):277
The authors examined false recognition of semantic associates in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), older adults, and young adults using a paradigm that provided rates of false recognition after single and multiple exposures to word lists. Using corrected false recognition scores to control for unrelated false alarms, the authors found that (a) the level of false recognition after a single list exposure was lower in AD patients than in controls; (b) across 5 trials, false recognition increased in AD patients, decreased in young adults, and showed a fluctuating pattern in older adults; and (c) all groups showed an increase in true recognition over the 5 trials. Analyses suggested that AD patients built up semantic gist across trials, whereas both control groups were able to use increased item-specific recollection and more conservative response criteria to suppress gist-based false alarms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
8.
Kouststaal Wilma; Reddy Chandan; Jackson Eric M.; Prince Steve; Cendan Daniel L.; Schacter Daniel L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,29(4):499
Older adults often demonstrate higher levels of false recognition than do younger adults. However, in experiments using novel shapes without preexisting semantic representations, this age-related elevation in false recognition was found to be greatly attenuated. Two experiments tested a semantic categorization account of these findings, examining whether older adults show especially heightened false recognition if the stimuli have preexisting semantic representations, such that semantic category information attenuates or truncates the encoding or retrieval of item-specific perceptual information. In Experiment 1, ambiguous shapes were presented with or without disambiguating semantic labels. Older adults showed higher false recognition when labels were present but not when labels were never presented. In Experiment 2, older adults showed higher false recognition for concrete but not abstract objects. The semantic categorization account was supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
Building memories: remembering and forgetting of verbal experiences as predicted by brain activity 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
AD Wagner DL Schacter M Rotte W Koutstaal A Maril AM Dale BR Rosen RL Buckner 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,281(5380):1188-1191
A fundamental question about human memory is why some experiences are remembered whereas others are forgotten. Brain activation during word encoding was measured using blocked and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how neural activation differs for subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten experiences. Results revealed that the ability to later remember a verbal experience is predicted by the magnitude of activation in left prefrontal and temporal cortices during that experience. These findings provide direct evidence that left prefrontal and temporal regions jointly promote memory formation for verbalizable events. 相似文献
10.
Implicit memory: History and current status. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Memory for a recent event can be expressed explicitly, as conscious recollection, or implicitly, as a facilitation of test performance without conscious recollection. A growing number of recent studies have been concerned with implicit memory and its relation to explicit memory. This article presents an historical survey of observations concerning implicit memory, reviews the findings of contemporary experimental research, and delineates the strengths and weaknesses of alternative theoretical accounts of implicit memory. It is argued that dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have been documented across numerous tasks and subject populations, represent an important challenge for research and theory, and should be viewed in the context of other dissociations between implicit and explicit expressions of knowledge that have been documented in recent cognitive and neuropsychological research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献