Social dual-role relationships during internship: A decision-making model.

During the predoctoral internship year, training staff and interns are often faced with the prospect of entering into social multiple-role relationships with each other. Such relationships can initially appear benign, and at times be beneficial but may pose some risk of harm both to interns and training staff. Building on the previous work of P. A. O'Connor Slimp and B. K. Burian (1994), a decision-making model is offered regarding social multiple-role relationships between interns and their trainers. It is designed to raise awareness of the issues involved in these relationships and provide structure in assessing their potential for harm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiple role relationships during internship: Consequences and recommendations.

Although the American Psychological Association's (1992) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct mandates that most types of multiple or dual relationships be avoided, such relationships have been found to be quite prevalent (R. D. Glaser & J. S. Thorpe, 1986; K. S. Pope et al, 1979; Pope et al, 1987). This article examines a variety of dual role relationships that occur specifically during the internship year between interns and staff members or supervisors. A variety of such multiple roles are explored including sexual, social, therapy, and business relationships. In addition, the impact of these relationships on the individuals involved, others in the agency, the agency itself, and the profession is considered. Recommendations regarding these issues are also provided for internship training sites. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion does not prevent ischemic spinal cord injury

Paraplegia may occur after transient aortic occlusion as a consequence of primary ischemia to the spinal cord or injury during the reperfusion period. In animal models of ischemia/reperfusion there is evidence that reperfusion injury may be modulated partially by neutrophils. The efficacy of the neutrophil adherence blocking murine monoclonal antibody (MAb 60.3) was assessed in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Spinal cord ischemia was accomplished by balloon catheter occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. Neurologic assessment was graded as normal, partial neurologic deficit, or complete paralysis. Electrophysiologic monitoring with somatosensory evoked potentials was used to determine the optimal length of time of occlusion. Animals were treated randomly with 2 mg/kg of intravenous Mab 60.3 (n = 8) or saline solution (n = 9) with the investigator unaware of treatment. Mean occlusion times were no different between groups (control, 32.7 +/- 3.6 minutes versus MAb, 32.4 +/- 6.0 minutes). Five (55%) saline-treated and four (50%) MAb 60.3-treated animals became paraplegic. Animals with initial paraparesis all progressed to flaccid paraplegia within 24 hours. We conclude that spinal cord injury after transient aortic occlusion is independent of the CD11/CD18 glycoprotein complex of the neutrophil. Injury in this setting may occur during ischemia and thus may not be dependent on neutrophils or reperfusion.