日本陪审员制度存在的问题及启示

日本于2009年正式在刑事审判中引入了陪审员制度。但是,陪审员制度的实施却招来了法律界人士和普通民众的反对。这主要是因为陪审员制度存在诸多问题,其实施可能会影响日本刑事法律制度的稳定,并带来新的不公平,同时也会增加民众的负担。因此,制定法律时,一定要考虑本国的实际情况,并做好充分的前期准备。     

基于程序分析的分布式应用自动化追踪方法

提出了一种零配置的端到端细粒度追踪的方法-EasyTrace,应用于分布式系统发生性能降级时的问题诊断.传统工具往往存在监测粒度与服务组件源码紧耦合或配置信息复杂、修改代价高等不足,EasyTrace能够做到零配置下性能问题的准确定位.基于开源电子商务系统的实验结果表明,EasyTrace相对传统监测工具对系统造成的扰动很小.     

Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model

Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.     

Phase-field-crystal study on the evolution behavior of microcracks initiated on grain boundaries under constant strain

The initiation and propagation behavior of microcracks is closely associated with the cleavage of crystalline materials. We use phase-field-crystal method to explore the evolution process and mechanism of microcracks initiated on grain boundaries (GBs). Constant biaxial strain is applied to the (0001) crystal plane of hexagonal close-packed bicrystal. Under applied strain, cracks are initiated at the end of semi-boundaries between grains. Following this crack initiation (CIN) mechanism, grain boundary misorientation angle (GBMA) can greatly affect the process of crack initiation and propagation (CINPR) in normal GB system. Along with the increase in GBMA, CIN is promoted and the type of subsequent crack propagation changes from trans-granular propagation into inter-granular propagation. System temperature and applied strain also have influence on CINPR. Associated with fracture mechanics theory, the effects of GBMA, temperature and strain on the behavior of CINPR are investigated. Additionally, we give curves of change in free energy to illustrate these effects from energy perspective. Crack arrestment mechanism, especially the plastic relaxation mechanism, is also discussed. The simulation results acquired in this work are in good agreement with theoretical analyses and experimental results.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and anti-thermal quenching performance of Lu2Sr(1−x)Al4SiO12:xEu2+ phosphors

With high-temperature solid-state reaction method, a series of Lu₂Sr_(1−x)Al₄SiO₁₂:xEu²⁺ phosphors have been synthesized. With Rietveld refinement method, the crystal structure of Lu₂SrAl₄SiO₁₂ has been refined. Under the excitation of the ultraviolet and violet band light, Lu₂Sr_(1−x)Al₄SiO₁₂:xEu²⁺ emits the Eu²⁺ characteristic blue broadband light. The photoluminescence properties of concentration quenching, emission peak shift, reflectance spectra, and luminescence decay have been investigated. With the structure analyses, the corresponding physical mechanisms have been discussed. With the increased temperature, this phosphor shows well thermal stabilities. For the x_Eu = 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 phosphors, the strong anti-thermal quenching performance has been observed. The reason for the anti-thermal quenching of this phosphor has been discussed. The trap capture mechanism may be the suitable physical mechanism to explain the anti-thermal quenching of this phosphor. This phosphor shows the potential applications in the white LED lighting fields.     

茶叶中联苯菊酯、毒死蜱的测定能力验证结果与分析

目的通过参加能力验证实验,提高实验室农药残留检测的能力。方法优先选择本实验室常用方法,依据NY/T 761-2008、GB/T 23204-2008、GB 23200.13-2016方法,对样品进行相应的提取净化处理,随后根据相应的仪器进行定性定量检测分析,使用仪器比对、方法比对、人员比对、加标回收、质控样品作为质控方法。结果本次能力验证以NY/T761-2008报出检验结果。样品编号为18-U804检测结果为联苯菊酯:0.214 mg/kg, Z比分数为?0.4,毒死蜱为未检出;样品编号为18-Y023检测结果为联苯菊酯为0.582 mg/kg, Z比分数为?0.3,毒死蜱为0.364 mg/kg, Z比分数为?0.6,组织机构判定结果为满意。结论本次能力验证结果为满意,说明本实验室对农药残留的检测能力较好。     

食品中磷脂提取及分析方法的研究进展

磷脂是细胞的重要组成成分,对生物体的生长和发育具有重要作用,也是天然的乳化剂、表面活性剂,在食品、医药、化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。由于每种磷脂分子可以结合不同的脂肪酸,导致磷脂种类繁多且结构复杂,对磷脂的分析比较困难。本文从磷脂的种类及应用、提取纯化、检测方法等方面,对食品中磷脂的研究进展进行概述,比较不同研究方法的优缺点,以期为不同食品中磷脂的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

传统培养法与荧光PCR法检测弧菌的方法评价

目的比较标准检测方法与杜邦BAX System Q7快速检测方法检测副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌和创伤弧菌。方法采用GB 4789.7—2013《食品微生物学检验副溶血性弧菌检验》、SN/T 1022—2010《进出口食品中弧菌霍乱弧菌检验方法》、DBS 13/004—2016《食品安全地方标准创伤弧菌检验》标准和杜邦BAX System Q7系统操作方法对1份同时污染副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌和创伤弧菌的样品进行检测。结果BAX System Q7操作方法与标准操作方法检测结果一致,其中BAX System Q7可同时检测3种弧菌,用时20 h,而标准操作方法至少需要6 d。结论BAX System Q7检测方法与标准方法均具备高准确性,但相较于标准检测方法,BAX System Q7检测方法鉴定更快速、操作更简便,且3种弧菌可以同时鉴定。     

气相色谱法测定食品添加剂柠檬酸脂肪酸甘油酯中柠檬酸的改进

目的改进气相色谱法测定食品添加剂柠檬酸脂肪酸甘油酯中柠檬酸的分析方法。方法对测定食品添加剂柠檬酸GB 29951-2013《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂柠檬酸脂肪酸甘油酯》的气相色谱法中衍生剂、色谱柱以及升温程序进行优化,并对优化后的方法进行验证。结果选择N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)-三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)作为衍生剂,HP-5毛细管柱作为分离柱,温度程序为80℃(1 min)-20℃/min-165℃(5 min)-30℃/min-250℃(1 min),可在15 min内完成对目标物的分离,线性方程为Y=0.67193X+0.05490,r=0.9935,方法回收率为93.0%～98.7%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.4%,检出限为0.1%。结论该方法目标物分离效果好,回收率及灵敏度高,适用于食品添加剂柠檬酸的定量检测。     

Direct electrochemistry of catalase at amine-functionalized graphene/gold nanoparticles composite film for hydrogen peroxide sensor

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of catalase (Cat) was studied based on a nano-composite film consisting of amine functionalized graphene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode. Graphene was synthesized chemically by Hummers and Offeman method and then was functionalized with amino groups via chemical modification of carboxyl groups introduced on the graphene surface. The nano-composite film showed an obvious promotion of the direct electron transfer between Cat and the underlying electrode, which attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene-NH₂ and AuNPs. The resultant bioelectrode retained its biocatalytic activity and offered fast and sensitive H₂O₂ quantification. Under the optimized experimental conditions, hydrogen peroxide was detected in the concentration range from 0.3 to 600 μM with a detection limit of 50 nM at S/N = 3. The biosensor exhibited some advantages, such as short time respond (2 s), high sensitivity (13.4 μA/mM) and good reproducibility (RSD = 5.8%).