Reactive Power Compensation Technologies: State-of-the-Art Review

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in reactive power compensation technologies. The principles of operation, design characteristics and application examples of Var compensators implemented with thyristors and self-commutated converters are presented. Static Var generators are used to improve voltage regulation, stability, and power factor in ac transmission and distribution systems. Examples obtained from relevant applications describing the use of reactive power compensators implemented with new static Var technologies are also described.     

Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy on the oxidation of a (110) Fe-57 single crystal 100 Å thick

Conversion electron Mösshauer spectroscopy (CEMS) has been used to measure the initial stages of oxidation on an 100 Å thick (110) Fe-57 single crystal face at 275°C in the pressure range from 2 × 10^?4 to 8 × 10^?3 torr. Only magnetite is formed at 2 × 10^?4 and 8 × 10^?3 torr, a magnetite/haematite conversion occurs at 2 × 10^?3 torr. The various oxide phases have been investigated according to their growth behaviour and kinetics. Complicated changes in the kinetic behaviour are found with the magnetite/haematite conversion. Depth selective CEMS has been used to measure qualitatively the depth distribution of the oxide phases and the iron ion sites.     

No Shades of Gray: The Binary Discourse of George W. Bush and an Echoing Press

Binary communications represent the world as a place of polar opposites. Such conceptions of reality, although not uncommon in Western thought, take on a heightened importance when political leaders employ them in a concerted, strategic discourse in a mass media environment. With this in mind, this research offers a conception of binary discourse and uses this as a foundation to examine (a) the use of binaries by U.S. President George W. Bush in 15 national addresses, from his inauguration in January 2001 to commencement of the Iraq War in March 2003, and (b) the responses of editorials in 20 leading U.S. newspapers to the president's communications.     

Sensorische Beurteilung des Bittergeschmacks von Amarogentin und Austauschm?glichkeiten gegen Chinin in Erfrischungsgetr?nken

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe sensorischer Beurteilung der Einfluß von Saccharose, Anhydrocitronensäure und Limettearoma auf die Bitternote von Amarogentin, einem natürlichen Bitterstoff der Enzianwurzel, im Hinblick auf Austauschmöglichkeiten gegen Chinin in Erfrischungsgetränken, untersucht. Um die Austauschmöglichkeiten von Chinin durch Amarogentin beurteilen zu können, wurden die unterschiedlichen Bitterverläufe von Amarogentin und Chinin sensorisch beurteilt. Die Versuche ergaben, daß identische Bitternoten für Amarogentin und Chinin nicht zu erreichen waren. Darüber hinaus erwies sich Amarogentin gegenüber Konzentrationsänderungen von Citronensäure und Saccharose im Vergleich zu Chinin als wesentlich empfindlicher. Änderungen der Amarogentin-Konzentration hingegen hatten kaum Auswirkungen auf die Bitternote. Für Chinin ergaben sich ausschließlich Änderungen in der Intensität, nicht in der Bitternote. Amarogentin zeichnete sich durch eine abgerundete und reine Bitternote ohne störenden Nachgeschmack aus.

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Sensory evaluation of the bitter taste of amarogentin and the feasibility of its exchange for quinine in soft drinks1. Influence of sucrose and anhydrous citric acid

Summary The influence of sucrose, anhydrous citric acid and lemon flavour on the bitter taste of amarogentin, a natural bitter-tasting component of gentian root, has been investigated. The investigation, based on sensory evaluation, is aimed at evaluating the possibility of exchanging amarogentin for quinine in soft drinks. To do this the different states of bitter taste of quinine and amarogentin had to be noted in a particular way. The tests showed the possibility of obtaining identical bitter tastes from quinine and amarogentin. Additionally, amarogentin proved to be much more sensitive to changes in concentration of anhydrous citric acid and sucrose than quinine. In contrast, different amarogentin concentrations did not produce remarkable effects on the bitter taste. With quinine, the sensory tests showed a change in intensity of the bitter taste with concentration. Amarogentin produced a well-rounded and pure bitter taste without any after-taste which could impair the quality.

     

Enthesopathies--diagnosis and therapy

Cytophotometry and population analysis of rat bone marrow erythroid cells, during anaemia induced by phenylhydrazin (4-8 days after the beginning of infections), revealed that in the period of restoration of erythron after the rats acute anaemia in the bone marrow blood formation the reciprocally complementary processes of microcytosis, macrocytosis and normal erythropoiesis occur. These processes are based on the normally functioning regulation mechanisms and on the reserve mechanisms, including DNA hyper-replication, which are turned on in the extreme conditions. The various paths of the bone marrow erythroid cells development during anaemia, the means and rates of the micro- and macrocytes formation and part of each line of the erythrocyte development in the restoration of blood cells quantity and haemoglobin homeostasis are analysed. It is suggested that mechanisms of the reserve erythropoiesis, activated during the acute anaemia of adult animals, could function also during the process of normal primary erythropoiesis of embryos.     

Analytical and clinical evaluation of an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of CA 125

The CA 125 II assay on the Elecsys(R) 2010 analyzer was evaluated in an international multicenter trial. Imprecision studies yielded within-run CVs of 0.8-3.3% and between-day CVs of 2.4-10.9%; CVs for total imprecision in the manufacturer's laboratory were 2.4-7.8%. The linear range of the assay extended to at least 4500 kilounits/L (three decades). Interference from triglycerides (10.3 mmol/L), bilirubin (850 micromol/L), hemoglobin (1.1 mmol/L), anticoagulants (plasma), and several widely used drugs was undetectable. Method comparisons with five other CA 125 II assays showed good correlation but differences in standardization. A 95th percentile cutoff value of 35 kilounits/L was calculated from values measured in 593 apparently healthy (pre- and postmenopausal) women. In 95% of patients with benign gynecological diseases CA 125 was 190 kilounits/L. A comparison of CA 125 values obtained with the Elecsys test and with other common CA 125 tests in monitored patients being treated for ovarian cancer showed identical patterns. In conclusion, the Elecsys CA 125 II assay is linear over a broad range, yields precise and accurate results, is free from interferences, and compares well with other assays.