Laboratory Studies to Determine Suitable Chemicals to Improve Oil Recovery from Garzan Oil Field

Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated.     

外军地面无人装备发展现状与趋势研究

随着通信、计算机、人工智能和传感器等技术的飞速发展与广泛应用，地面无人装备日趋活跃在作战、搜救和消防等多种军民用任务场景中。对于军事领域而言，地面无人装备是陆军和其他地面作战部队迈向无人化、智能化战场的核心装备，将在未来陆战场各类作战任务中发挥不可替代的作用。通过对外军各类典型地面无人装备发展现状进行深入分析，总结出该装备领域的发展特点与趋势，对地面无人装备发展有一定的借鉴意义。     

Estimating long-term time-resolved indoor PM2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin using easily obtainable inputs

To evaluate the separate impacts on human health and establish effective control strategies, it is crucial to estimate the contribution of outdoor infiltration and indoor emission to indoor PM_2.5 in buildings. This study used an algorithm to automatically estimate the long-term time-resolved indoor PM_2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin in real apartments with natural ventilation. The inputs for the algorithm were only the time-resolved indoor/outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations and occupants’ window actions, which were easily obtained from the low-cost sensors. This study first applied the algorithm in an apartment in Tianjin, China. The indoor/outdoor contribution to the gross indoor exposure and time-resolved infiltration factor were automatically estimated using the algorithm. The influence of outdoor PM_2.5 data source and algorithm parameters on the estimated results was analyzed. The algorithm was then applied in four other apartments located in Chongqing, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Urumqi to further demonstrate its feasibility. The results provided indirect evidence, such as the plausible explanations for seasonal and spatial variation, to partially support the success of the algorithm used in real apartments. Through the analysis, this study also identified several further development directions to facilitate the practical applications of the algorithm, such as robust long-term outdoor PM_2.5 monitoring using low-cost light-scattering sensors.     

催化剂级配技术在加氢改质装置上的工业应用

基于柴油产品质量升级的需求,中国石化大连石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发了FHIDW加氢改质技术及配套FF-46加氢精制催化剂、FC-14B加氢改质催化剂和FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂.该技术及催化剂级配体系在格尔木炼油厂0.8 Mt·a-1加氢改质装置上的工业应用情况表明,级配催化剂体系对原料适应性强,装置运转平稳,操作灵活性高,催化剂失活速率慢,产品分布合理且质量优异,在降低柴油产品凝点的同时可以明显改善其密度和十六烷值,解决了改造前装置生产重柴油密度偏低的问题,为炼油厂生产符合国V质量标准的柴油提供了技术保障.     

课程思政在现代学徒制煤化工专业课程中的教学探索——以"煤质分析及煤化工产品检验"课程为例

现代学徒制是一项深化产教融合、校企合作的育人机制,是创新技术技能人才的现代培养模式.山西铁道职业技术学院与山西安泰控股集团有限公司深度合作开展山西省现代学徒制试点项目,合作目的之一是培养企业煤化工专业人才.学校教师结合学生(员工)在企业车间岗位上的技能知识,系统地讲授煤化工专业课程"煤质分析及煤化工产品检验"理论知识,同时针对企业员工日常学习思想政治知识较少的实际,润物细无声地加入思政元素,实现专业知识与实践技能相结合,技能知识与思政教育相融合,真正培养知识型、技能型、创新型高素质技能人才,努力构建职业教育产业发展命运共同体.     

床温及SNCR脱硝对CFB锅炉NOx和N2O排放影响的试验研究

为了研究循环流化床（CFB）锅炉燃用无烟煤时床温及选择性非催化还原（SNCR）脱硝对于NO和N2O排放的影响，在1 MW CFB试验装置上开展了试验研究。结果表明:床温由880 ℃提高到970 ℃，NO排放质量浓度由119.5 mg/m3上升到226.0 mg/m3，N2O排放质量浓度由216.0 mg/m3降低到102.2 mg/m3；在氨氮摩尔比（NSR）为0~3.7之间，随着NSR的提高，脱硝效率从0上升到50.72%；进一步提高NSR到5.2，脱硝效率升至53.61%，增加较为缓慢；随着NSR从0提高到1.7，N2O排放质量浓度由84.3 mg/m3上升至118.3 mg/m3，增长较为缓慢；进一步提高NSR至2.0，N2O排放质量浓度上升至187.7 mg/m3，增长速度提高；继续提高NSR至5.2，N2O排放质量浓度上升至381.4 mg/m3；CFB锅炉采用以尿素为还原剂的SNCR脱硝工艺时，单纯通过加大NSR来提高脱硝效率不仅效果有限，过量喷入的还原剂会造成N2O排放量的显著提高。     

复杂难选铁矿石悬浮磁化焙烧-高效分选技术

针对传统铁矿石磁化焙烧技术与装备存在焙烧产品质量差、产能低、能耗高和环境污染严重等问题，创造性提出了一种“预热-蓄热还原-再氧化”悬浮磁化焙烧新工艺。该工艺具有原料适应性广、焙烧产品质量均匀、回收率高、生产能耗低、无污染等特点，适合处理赤铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿及其混合型难选铁矿石。通过多年的潜心基础研究与技术攻关，形成了非均质矿石颗粒悬浮态流动控制、蓄热式高效低温还原、铁物相精准调控与余热同步回收等一系列关键技术，建成了500kg/h复杂难选铁矿石悬浮磁化焙烧-高效分选半工业试验平台。