2019年海河流域水旱灾害防御工作概述

2019年是机构改革后履行新职责的第一年,海河流域水旱灾害防御工作要求高、任务重。一年来,水利部海河水利委员会全力部署,科学防范,扎实工作,流域水旱灾害防御工作取得了一定成绩,防洪减灾效益显著。在取得成绩的同时,流域水旱灾害防御工作仍然存在一些问题和薄弱环节,主要表现在流域水旱灾害防御工作短板需要持续加强,雄安新区防洪体系需要进一步完善,督导督察制度需要进一步建立等方面。下一步将认真贯彻习近平总书记"两个坚持、三个转变"防灾减灾新理念,全面落实水利部水旱灾害防御决策部署,坚持问题导向,补齐补强短板,全力保障海河流域防洪安全和供水安全。     

Input-to-state-stability modular command filtered back-stepping attitude control of a generic reentry vehicle

A command filtered back-stepping attitude controller is exploited and analyzed to design a dynamic state-feedback controller for a generic Reentry Vehicle. A novel back-stepping control that obviates the need to compute analytic derivatives in the traditional back-stepping design is presented by combining command filtered back-stepping method, sliding-mode-based integral filters and inputto-state stability (ISS) analysis. The ISS-modular approach provides a simple and effective way for controlling non-linear Reentry Vehicle satisfying the strict-feedback form, simultaneously solving the problem of “explosion of complexity” in traditional back-stepping approach. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the aerodynamic angles are verified based on the smallgain theorem. Numerical simulations are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

SiO2溶胶和Al(H2PO4)3封孔处理对等离子喷涂Fe基合金涂层性能的影响

为降低热喷涂涂层孔隙率,提高涂层耐蚀性,分别采用SiO_2溶胶和Al(H_2PO_4)_3对等离子喷涂层Fe基合金涂层进行封孔处理。采用扫描电镜对比考察了封孔处理前后涂层微观形貌的变化,利用能谱仪分析了封孔处理后涂层内部封孔剂的分布状态,用X射线应力测定仪测试了涂层封孔前后残余应力的变化,使用电化学工作站获得了封孔处理前后涂层的极化曲线并对比考察了涂层的耐蚀性。结果表明,SiO_2溶胶和Al(H_2PO_4)_3均可在Fe基合金涂层表面形成一层封闭膜层,并通过毛细作用以涂层孔隙为通道进入涂层内部,从而显著降低孔隙,对涂层起到密封作用,并改善涂层致密性。经SiO_2溶胶和Al(H_2PO_4)_3封孔处理后,涂层表层拉应力由291 MPa分别降到45 MPa和105 MPa,自腐蚀电流密度分别降低2.9%和72.3%。     

基于OpenGVS半潜船操作模拟器视景系统的研究

为了满足半潜船作业人员学习和培训的需要,有必要在航海模拟器大环境下研发半潜船操作模拟器仿真系统。以船舶静力学为基础,实现了半潜船装载重大件货物的过程的动态稳性计算,以Visual C++6.0和OpenGVS场景管理软件为开发平台,研制开发了半潜船操作模拟器应具备的视景系统。该仿真系统实现了视点的转移和跟踪,通过设置在半潜船的驾驶台、甲板及外部三个虚拟相机,实时动态显示半潜船各种运动的状态,同时实现了半潜船操作模拟器几个模块间的相互通信,取得了很好的效果。     

The convergence analysis and specification of the Population-Based Incremental Learning algorithm

In this paper, we investigate the global convergence properties in probability of the Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) algorithm when the initial configuration p⁽⁰⁾ is fixed and the learning rate α is close to zero. The convergence in probability of PBIL is confirmed by the experimental results. This paper presents a meaningful discussion on how to establish a unified convergence theory of PBIL that is not affected by the population and the selected individuals.     

Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions

Hemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, ¹³C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐ arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐ glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42790.     

一种新型的同塔双回输电线路工频阻抗参数测量方法

基于输电线路三相不平衡及感应电压干扰在短时间不变的前提,提出了一种新型的同塔双回输电线路工频阻抗参数测量方法。该方法采用单相电源多变换接入的方式对不对称线路进行分相解耦测量,通过建立数学模型、数据拟合和矩阵变换,从而获得单回或两回线路的序阻抗及各序之间的耦合阻抗。该方法克服了高感应电压及三相不平衡对线路参数测试的影响,具有简单、精确、稳定等特点,测试结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于改进的RS-TOPSIS模型的岩爆倾向性预测

针对目前岩爆倾向性中预测模型权重确定存在不足导致模型精度不高的现状,为更准确地预测岩爆倾向性,提出综合运用粗糙集理论中的代数观和信息观,确定属性最优权重,并修正岩爆倾向性与评价指标之间的关系,建立岩爆等级理想点矩阵。根据岩爆发生条件,选取岩石脆性指数、切应力指标和弹性应变能指数3项指标作为岩爆判别指标,以国内外20组典型岩爆数据为样本,建立改进的粗糙集—理想点法（RS-TOPSIS）岩爆倾向性预测模型,并应用该模型对玲珑金矿等工程实际进行了岩爆倾向性预测。结果表明：改进后样本预测精度相比于改进前有了显著提高,所建立的模型对实际工程的岩爆倾向性预测效果良好,预测结果更准确。     

自修复微胶囊制备及微纳力学性能

采用一步原位聚合法制备了自修复微胶囊。应用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对微胶囊壁厚、微结构进行了分析和表征。借助纳米探针对微胶囊及其壳材进行压痕实验测试其力学性能。结果表明,自修复微胶囊包裹完整,表面粗糙,微胶囊平均粒径为100μm,平均壁厚为10μm,微胶囊修复剂芯材含量约为75%;纳米压痕分析显示微胶囊的弹性模量比环氧树脂的略小,说明了当环氧树脂基体内裂纹扩展时,裂纹更易于向微胶囊扩展,证明了环氧树脂微裂纹打开微胶囊释放修复剂的可行性。     

自动化仪表接地技术概要

自动化仪表系统接地工程是一个非常重要的问题,接地的质量关系到电气设备和人身的安全,本文分析了工作接地、防雷接地和等电位接地的区别,重点介绍了仪表接地的方法和浪涌保护器的安装。详细的阐述了各种接地的作用和施工规范。