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1.
Cell surface and secreted proteins provide essential functions for multicellular life. They enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen co-translationally, where they mature and fold into their complex three-dimensional structures. The ER is populated with a host of molecular chaperones, associated co-factors, and enzymes that assist and stabilize folded states. Together, they ensure that nascent proteins mature properly or, if this process fails, target them for degradation. BiP, the ER HSP70 chaperone, interacts with unfolded client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent manner, which is tightly regulated by eight DnaJ-type proteins and two nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), SIL1 and GRP170. Loss of SIL1′s function is the leading cause of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder. The development of animal models has provided insights into SIL1′s functions and MSS-associated pathologies. This review provides an in-depth update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL1′s NEF activity and its role in maintaining ER homeostasis and normal physiology. A precise understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of SIL1 may allow for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat MSS. 相似文献
2.
Brad Brannon 《电子设计技术》2005,12(3):66-66,68,70,72,74,76
随着直接中频采样的更高分辨力数据转换器的上市,系统设计师必须对低抖动时钟电路做出有助于性能与成本折衷的抉择。制造商用来规定时钟抖动的很多传统方法并不适用于数据转换器,或者说,充其量也只能反映问题的一部分。如果对时钟电路的规范和设计没有恰当的了解,你就不能实现这些数据转换器的最佳性能。 相似文献
3.
Bushman Brad J.; Bonacci Angelicca M.; van Dijk Mirjam; Baumeister Roy F. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,84(5):1027
Laboratory analog studies investigated the theory that narcissism and reactance contribute to causing rape. In Study 1, narcissism correlated positively with rape-supportive beliefs and negatively with empathy for rape victims. In Study 2, narcissists reported more enjoyment than other men of film depictions that presented consensual, affectionate activity followed by rape (but not in response to either affection or rape alone). In Study 3, narcissists were more punitive than other men toward a female confederate who refused to read a sexually arousing passage aloud to them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Comments that L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) article on child care and maternal employment contributes unfounded and damaging misbeliefs regarding fathers. The dad-as-cad myth suggests intentional malevolence or at least blatant failure by fathers to care for others, and suggests that their failure to share equally in child care and household management is the primary cause of marital conflict. W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes propose a research agenda for fathering that originates in a coherent model of male development in the context of ever-changing environmental demands. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
This article reviews research on the implementation of media-rating systems, parents' use and evaluation of them, and the impact of ratings on children. Although half or more of parents report using media-rating systems, understanding of various components of the systems is low, particularly for television ratings. A meta-analysis of national polls shows that parents overwhelmingly prefer that ratings specify content, rather than giving age recommendations. A second meta-analysis, of experiments testing the effects of ratings on children's interest in programs, shows that ratings indicating restricted or controversial content have a deterrent effect for children under age 8 but that, by age 11 and especially for boys, the ratings show a small enticement effect. This effect occurs for both age-based and content-based ratings. Implications for policymakers and parents are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
Gary Gibson Xia Sheng Dick Henze Si‐Ty Lam Patricia Beck Yoocharn Jeon Zhang‐Lin Zhou Brad Benson Qin Liu Gregg Combs Tim Koch Kent Biggs 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2012,20(10):552-558
Reflective displays are advantageous in applications requiring low power or daylight readability. However, there are no low‐cost reflective technologies capable of displaying bright colors. By employing photoluminescence to more efficiently use ambient light, we created a prototype display that provides bright, full color in a simple, low‐cost architecture. This prototype includes a novel electrokinetic shutter, a layer that incorporates patterned luminescent red, green, and blue sub‐pixel elements, and a novel optical out‐coupling scheme. The luminescent elements convert otherwise‐wasted portions of the incident spectrum to light in the desired color band, resulting in improved color saturation and lightness. This prototype provides a color gamut that is superior to competing reflective display technologies that utilize color filters in single‐layer side‐by‐side sub‐pixel architectures. The current prototype is capable of switching in <0.5 s; future displays based on an alternative electro‐optic shutter technology should achieve video rate operation. A transflective version of this technology has also been prototyped. The transflective version utilizes its backlight with a power efficiency that is at least three times that of a conventional liquid crystal display. These photoluminescence‐based technologies enable a host of applications ranging from low‐power mobile products and retail pricing signage to daylight readable signage for outdoor advertising segments. 相似文献
7.
Brad Nicholson 《Ergonomics》2014,57(9):1353-1365
Situational awareness is recognised as an important factor in the performance of individuals and teams in dynamic decision-making (DDM) environments (Salmon et al. 2014). The present study was designed to investigate whether the scores on the WOMBAT? Situational Awareness and Stress Tolerance Test (Roscoe and North 1980) would predict the transfer of DDM performance from training under different levels of cognitive load to a novel situation. Participants practised a simulated firefighting task under either low or high conditions of cognitive load and then performed a (transfer) test in an alternative firefighting environment under an intermediate level of cognitive load. WOMBAT? test scores were a better predictor of DDM performance than scores on the Raven Matrices. Participants with high WOMBAT? scores performed better regardless of their training condition. Participants with recent gaming experience who practised under low cognitive load showed better practice phase performance but worse transfer performance than those who practised under high cognitive load.Practitioner Summary: The relationship between task experience, situational awareness ability, cognitive load and the transfer of dynamic decision-making (DDM) performance was investigated. Results showed that the WOMBAT? test predicted transfer of DDM performance regardless of task cognitive load. The effects of cognitive load on performance varied according to previous task-relevant experience. 相似文献
8.
O'Reilly-Wapstra JM Potts BM McArthur C Davies NW Tilyard P 《Journal of chemical ecology》2005,31(3):519-537
Hybridization in plants provides an opportunity to investigate the patterns of inheritance of hybrid resistance to herbivores, and of the plant mechanisms conferring this resistance such as plant secondary metabolites. We investigated how inter-race differences in resistance of Eucalyptus globulus to a generalist mammalian herbivore, Trichosurus vulpecula, are inherited in their F1 hybrids. We assessed browsing damage of three-year-old trees in a common environment field trial on four hybrid types of known progeny. The progency were artificial intra-race crosses and reciprocal inter-race F1 hybrids of two geographically distinct populations (races) of E. globulus; north-eastern Tasmania and south-eastern Tasmania. Populations of trees from north-eastern Tasmania are relatively susceptible to browsing by T. vulpecula, while populations from south-eastern Tasmania are more resistant. We assessed the preferences of these trees in a series of paired feeding trials with captive animals to test the field trial results and also investigated the patterns of inheritance of plant secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrated that the phenotypic expression of resistance of the inter-race F1 hybrids supported the additive pattern of inheritance, as these hybrids were intermediate in resistance compared to the pure parental hybrids. The expression of plant secondary metabolites in the F1 hybrids varied among groups of individual compounds. The most common pattern supported was dominance towards one of the parental types. Together, condensed tannins and essential oils appeared to explain the observed patterns of resistance among the four hybrid types. While both chemical groups were inherited in a dominant manner in the inter-race F1 hybrids, the direction of dominance was opposite. Their combined concentration, however, was inherited in an additive manner, consistent with the phenotypic differences in browsing. 相似文献
9.
Jesse Noffsinger Feliciano Giustino Brad D. Malone Cheol-Hwan Park Steven G. Louie Marvin L. Cohen 《Computer Physics Communications》2010,181(12):2140-2148
EPW (Electron–Phonon coupling using Wannier functions) is a program written in Fortran90 for calculating the electron–phonon coupling in periodic systems using density-functional perturbation theory and maximally localized Wannier functions. EPW can calculate electron–phonon interaction self-energies, electron–phonon spectral functions, and total as well as mode-resolved electron–phonon coupling strengths. The calculation of the electron–phonon coupling requires a very accurate sampling of electron–phonon scattering processes throughout the Brillouin zone, hence reliable calculations can be prohibitively time-consuming. EPW combines the Kohn–Sham electronic eigenstates and the vibrational eigenmodes provided by the Quantum ESPRESSO package (see Giannozzi et al., 2009 [1]) with the maximally localized Wannier functions provided by the wannier90 package (see Mostofi et al., 2008 [2]) in order to generate electron–phonon matrix elements on arbitrarily dense Brillouin zone grids using a generalized Fourier interpolation. This feature of EPW leads to fast and accurate calculations of the electron–phonon coupling, and enables the study of the electron–phonon coupling in large and complex systems.
Program summary
Program title: EPWCatalogue identifier: AEHA_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEHA_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: GNU Public LicenseNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 304 443No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 487 466Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Fortran 90Computer: Any architecture with a Fortran 90 compilerOperating system: Any environment with a Fortran 90 compilerHas the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes, optimized for 1 to 64 processorsRAM: Heavily system dependent, as small as a few MBSupplementary material: A copy of the “EPW/examples” directory containing the phonon binary files can be downloadedClassification: 7External routines: MPI, Quantum-ESPRESSO package [1], BLAS, LAPACK, FFTW. (The necessary Blas, Lapack and FFTW routines are included in the Quantum-ESPRESSO package [1].)Nature of problem: The calculation of the electron–phonon coupling from first-principles requires a very accurate sampling of electron–phonon scattering processes throughout the Brillouin zone; hence reliable calculations can be prohibitively timeconsuming.Solution method: EPW makes use of a real-space formulation and combines the Kohn–Sham electronic eigenstates and the vibrational eigenmodes provided by the Quantum-ESPRESSO package with the maximally localized Wannier functions provided by the wannier90 package in order to generate electron–phonon matrix elements on arbitrarily dense Brillouin zone grids using a generalized Fourier interpolation.Running time: Single processor examples typically take 5–10 minutes.References:[1]
P. Giannozzi, et al., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 (2009), 395502, http://www.quantum-espresso.org/.
10.
Bazrgari B Hendershot B Muslim K Toosizadeh N Nussbaum MA Madigan ML 《Ergonomics》2011,54(11):1043-1052
Trunk flexion results in adverse mechanical effects on the spine and is associated with a higher incidence of low back pain. To examine the effects of creep deformation on trunk behaviours, participants were exposed to full trunk flexion in several combinations of exposure duration and external load. Trunk mechanical and neuromuscular behaviours were obtained pre- and post-exposure and during recovery using sudden perturbations. Intrinsic trunk stiffness decreased with increasing flexion duration and in the presence of the external load. Recovery of intrinsic stiffness required more time than the exposure duration and was influenced by exposure duration. Reflexive trunk responses increased immediately following exposure but recovered quickly (~2.5 min). Alterations in reflexive trunk behaviour following creep deformation exposures may not provide adequate compensation to allow for complete recovery of concurrent reductions in intrinsic stiffness, which may increase the risk of injury due to spinal instability. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: An increased risk of low back injury may result from flexion-induced disturbances to trunk behaviours. Such effects, however, appear to depend on the type of flexion exposure, and have implications for the design of work involving trunk flexion. 相似文献