Treatment of Bone Waste Using Thermal Plasma Technology

Daily meat consumption produces a lot of bone waste, and dumped bone waste without treatment would result in environmental hazards. Conventional treatment methods of waste bones have some disadvantages. Herein, an investigation of bone waste treated using thermal plasma technology is presented. A high-temperature plasma torch operated at 25.2 kW was used to treat bone waste for seven minutes. The bone waste was finally changed into vitric matter and lost 2/3 of its weight after the treatment. The process was highly efficient, economical, convenient, and fuel-free. This method could be used as an alternative for disposal of bone waste, small infectious animals, hazardous hospital waste, etc.     

Influence of alloying elements on microstructure and microhardness of Mg-Sn-Zn-based alloys

The phase evolution in （88%-91%）Mg-8%Sn-l%Zn-X （X=A1, Mn and/or Ce） system was analyzed via CALPHAD method and simulations were used in precise selection of the chemical composition. The influence of the addition of different alloying elements such as A1, Mn and Ce on the microstructure and microhardness of Mg-8%Sn-l%Zn-based alloys was investigated. Combined addition of A1 and Mn shows features distinct from separate addition of A1 or Mn. Additions of l%AI and l%Mn to base alloy result in the formation of massive A1-Mn phase in a-Mg matrix grains. Addition of Ce element can refme the second eutectic precipitates and form intermetallic compounds with Sn. Fine rod-like Sn-Ce phase presents mainly on the grain boundaries and plays a role in inhibiting grain growth. The effects of alloying elements on Vickers microhardness and indentation size effect of base alloy were examined.     

烧结温度对La0.6Ca0.4MnO3结构、磁性和磁致热效应的影响（英文）

研究了烧结温度对La0.6Ca0.4MnO3的结构、磁转变和磁熵的影响。观察表明,该化合物属于具有Pnma空间群的斜方晶系结构,不含任何杂质。研究烧结温度对居里温度(TC)的影响,发现提高烧结温度,TC稍有增大。磁致热效应研究显示,随着烧结温度的变化,磁熵会发生显著的变化。在外加磁场为3 T、烧结温度为1300°C时,相对冷却能(RCP)为89 J/kg。因此,该化合物可以考虑作为在室温附近或低于室温的潜在磁制冷材料。     

Effect of electrolyte on mechanical properties of AZ31B Mg alloy in electrolytic plasma processing

Coatings on Mg alloys were prepared using NaOH + Na₂SiO₃ as basic electrolyte containing electrolyte of Na₂SiF₆ or NaF. EPP treatment was carried out on AZ31 Mg alloys matrix under a hybrid voltage of AC of 200 V combined with DC of 260 V for 30 min. Structural and morphological analyses of ceramic coatings were analyzed by XRD and SEM. Wear and hardness of coatings were measured by pin-on disk test and Vickers hardness test. The coatings formed in Na₂SiF₆ and NaF electrolytes were mainly composed of MgO and Mg₂SiO₄. The measured micro-hardness of coating formed in Na₂SiF₆ electrolyte was found to be over HV 1100, while, coating formed in NaF electrolyte possessed micro-hardness of HV ～900. These results show that the mechanical properties of AZ31B Mg alloys can be enhanced by the proper selection of electrolyte agent.     

An improved hybrid classifier

Abstract. A new hybrid classifier is proposed which utilizes the advantages of the maximum likelihood classifier and the parallelepiped classifier. The new hybrid classifier reduces the processing time more substantially than the conventional one by introducing a lower boundary for each class. The rate of misclassification is comparable to that of maximum likelihood classifier. Performance of the conventional and the new method are compared by an example.     

X-Ray measurement of lattice strains in textured low carbon steel under uniaxial loading

To examine the effect of relative crystallite misorientations on the inhomogeneous deformation behavior, lattice strains in the crystallites of a textured low-carbon steel are measured by anin situ X-ray diffraction method under uniaxial loading. Internal microstresses of the crystallites are also determined from the lattice strains measured along different directions of the crystallites. The low-carbon steel has the rolling texture of orientation relationship: {211}〈01Ī〉, {111}〈2Ī〈, and {100}〈011〉. Different lattice stress-strain curves are obtained from the different crystallite groups, which show dissimilarity in the proportionality constant between the stress and lattice strain and the elastic limit of each crystallite group. The external elastic limit can be calculated from averaging the individual lattice yield points of each crystallite groups. Triaxial stress states are developed in the crystallites in the entire range of the elastic and plastic regions during uniaxial loading. The residual stresses of the specimen unloaded at a strain level of about 3 pet are in a biaxial stress state.     

Dynamic Friction Control Using Dynamic Structured RFNN and Friction Parameter Estimator

A nonlinear dynamic friction control is dealt with using dynamic friction observer and intelligent control.The adaptive dynamic friction observer based on the LuGre friction is proposed to estimate the friction parameters and a directly immeasurable friction state variable.The dynamic structured Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network(RFNN)is designed to give additional robustness to the control system under the presence of the friction model uncertainty.A proposed composite control scheme is applied to the position tracking control of the servo system.The performances of the proposed friction observer and the friction controller are demonstrated by simulation.     

Moisture, Total Fat and Cholesterol in Goat Organ and Muscle Meat

Moisture, total fat and cholesterol of goat liver, kidney, heart, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles were determined. Samples were taken from 10 Alpine and 10 Nubian post-weaned goat kids that were fed a complete diet treated with 4 levels of Ca for 12 wk before slaughter. Mean moisture (%), total fat (%) and cholesterol (mg/100g wet tissue) for the respective tissues were: 75.9, 3.26, 214.2; 82.0, 3.14, 276.7; 79.2, 4.32,167.5; 79.2, 2.27, 57.8; 80.4, 2.03, 69.5. These goats contained less cholesterol in liver and more cholesterol in kidney and heart than the same organs in mutton samples reported previously. Fat and cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary Ca, breed and tissue, while moisture was affected only by tissue.     

Enhancement of Ferroelectric Properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Films Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition on Noble-Alloy Bottom Electrodes

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) films grown on Ir electrodes by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have suffered from high leakage and rough surface. We sputtered Pt and Ir simultaneously onto Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates and formed Ir-Pt alloy bottom electrodes with various compositions. With an optimal composition of Ir and Pt, PZT films grown by MOCVD on this substrate showed smoother surface and suppressed leakage via the bottom interface. At the specific composition of Ir and Pt, two different phases seemed to be acquired. They constituted the electrodes and affected the PZT grain nucleation independently so that the grains with different origins grew and restrained the vicinal grains, and finally soothed the faceted-grain-formation. No fatigue was observed even in PZT on Ir-Pt alloy with much Pt content.     

Effects of electrolytes variation on formation of oxide layers of 6061 A1 alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) processes were carried out to produce ceramic layers on 6061 aluminum substrates in four kinds of electrolytes such as silicate and aluminate solution with and without sodium fluorosilicate. The PEO processes were carried out under a hybrid voltage (260 V DC combined with 200 V, 60 Hz AC amplitude) at room temperature for 5 min. The composition, microstructure and element distribution analyses of the PEO-treated layers were carried out by XRD and SEM & EDS. The effect of the electrolyte contents on the growth mechanism, element distribution and properties of oxide layers were studied. It is obvious that the layers generated in aluminate solutions show smoother surfaces than those in silicate solutions. Moreover, an addition of fluorine ion can effectively control the layer porosity; therefore, it can enhance the properties of the layers.