The in situ axial X-ray diffraction patterns of four ceramic powder samples (MgO, Al2O3, AlN, and cBN) that were compressed in a diamond anvil cell under uniaxial non-hydrostatic conditions were recorded. The microscopic deviatoric stress as a function of the pressure was determined from the X-ray diffraction peak broadening analysis: the curves increased approximately linearly with the pressure at the initial compression stage and then levelled off under further compression. Pressure-induced transparency was observed in all of the samples under compression, and the pressure at the turning point on the curves of the microscopic deviatoric stress versus pressure corresponded to the pressure at which the samples became transparent. Analysis of the microstructural features of the pressure-induced transparent samples indicated that the compression caused the grains to fracture, and the broken grains bonded with each other. We demonstrated that the ceramics’ pressure-induced transparency was a process during which the grains were squeezed and broken, the pores were close between the grains, and the broken grains were re-bonded under compression. 相似文献
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention since the discovery of graphene in 2004, due to their intriguing physicochemical properties and wide-ranging applications in catalysis, energy-related devices, electronics and optoelectronics. To maximize the potential of 2D nanomaterials for their technological applications, controlled assembly of 2D nanobulding blocks into integrated systems is critically needed. This mini review summarizes the reported strategies of 2D materials-based assembly into integrated functional nanostructures, from in-situ assembly method to post-synthesis assembly. The applications of 2D assembled integrated structures are also covered, especially in the areas of energy, electronics and sensing, and we conclude with discussion on the remaining challenges and potential directions in this emerging field.
Cervical cancer (CESC) is one of the most common cancers and affects the female genital tract. Consistent HPV
infection status has been determined to be a vital cause of tumorigenesis. HPV infection may induce changes to the
immune system and limit the host’s immune response. Immunotherapy is therefore essential to improving the overall
survival of both locally advanced and recurrent CESC patients. Using 304 relevant samples from TCGA, we assessed
immune cell function in CESC patients to better understand the status of both tumor micro-environment cells and
immune cells in CESC. Functional enrichment analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network construction
were performed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The analysis identified 425 DEGs, which
included 295 up-regulated genes and 130 down-regulated genes. We established that upregulation of CCL5 was
correlated with significantly better survival, meaning that CCL5 expression could serve as a novel prognostic
biomarker for CESC patients. We further focused on CCL5 as a hub gene in CESC, as it had significant correlations
with increased numbers of several types of immune cells. Cell-type fractions of M1 macrophages were significantly
higher in the high-immune-scores group, which was associated with better overall survival. Finally, we concluded that
CCL5 is a promising prognostic biomarker for CESC, as well as a novel chemotherapeutic target. 相似文献