Theoretical investigation of intrinsic point defects and the oxygen migration behavior in rare earth hafnates

In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE₂Hf₂O₇ (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO₂ excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE₂O₃ excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the V_O48f - V_O48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity.     

疫情下电磁场理论课程的网络教学

本文主要总结了新冠疫情期间作者的电磁场理论课程在线教学经验。对比分析了录播和直播的优缺点后,选择录播教学方式。基于超星网络教学平台,展示了录播网络教学的具体措施,包括网上答疑和学习效果检查以及在线批改作业等。给出了网络教学可以为线下教学继续使用的方法和手段,为疫情结束后的正常教学提供了新的网络教学补充措施。     

Highly active sites of low spin FeⅡN4species:The identification and the ORR performance

Over recent years,catalytic materials of Fe-N-C species have been recognized being active for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,the identification of active site remains challenging as it generally involves a pyrolysis process and mixed components being obtained.Herein Fe₃C/C and Fe₂N/C samples were synthesized by temperature programmed reduction of Fe precursors in 15%CH₄/H₂and pure NH₃,respectively.By acid leaching of Fe₂N/C sample,only single sites of FeN₄species were presented,providing an ideal model for identification of catalytic functions of the single sites of FeN₄in ORR.A correlation was conducted between the concentration of Fe^ⅡN₄in low spin state by Mossbauer spectra and the kinetic current density at 0.8 V in alkaline media,and such a structure-performance correlation assures the catalytic roles of low spin Fe^ⅡN₄ species as highly active sites for the ORR.     

The formation of fibrous structure of polyamide 6 induced by the three-step forming process and its prominent reinforcement in nitrile rubber

Nitrile rubber (NBR) blends with excellent performance have always been a hot research topic in petroleum field. Due to the excellent performance and compatibility of polyamide 6 (PA6), it provides an opportunity for the preparation of high-performance NBR/PA6 blends. In this article, NBR/PA6 blends were prepared by the three-step molding process. Experimentally, it was found that PA6 has a prominent reinforcement effect in NBR matrix. The variation of this mechanical property was investigated from different aspects of the crystal structure, crystallinities, phase morphology, and so on. It can be cleared that the formation of fibrous structure of PA6 phase is the main factor for reinforcement of the polymer blends. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of the special phase structure induced by the three-step process is deeply expounded and its structural evolution schematic is established. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47472.     

GOS+MU:一种查询对象选择新方法

在分析单一MU(Most Uncertainty)采样缺陷的基础上,提出一种"全局最优搜寻"方法 GOS(Global Optimal Search),并结合MU共同完成查询选择。GOS+MU方法中,GOS着眼全局寻找目标,在应用环境能提供的训练样本数量有限、分类器受训不充分时,该方法选择的对象学习价值高,能快速推进分类器学习进程;MU则能够在GOS采样失效情形下,利用分类器当前训练成果,选择查询不确定性最强的样本补充训练集。通过对网络商品的用户评论进行分类仿真,并比较其他采样学习方法的效果,证明了GOS+MU方法在压缩学习成本、提高训练效率方面的有效性。     

Specific emitter identification for satellite communication using probabilistic neural networks

Electromagnetic signal emitted by satellite communication (satcom) transmitters are used to identify specific individual uplink satcom terminals sharing the common transponder in real environment, which is known as specific emitter identification (SEI) that allows for early indications and warning (I&W) of the targets carrying satcom furnishment and furthermore the real time electromagnetic situation awareness in military operations. In this paper, the authors are the first to propose the identification of specific transmitters of satcom by using probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to reach the goal of target recognition. We have been devoted to the examination by exploring the feasibility of utilizing the Hilbert transform to signal preprocessing, applying the discrete wavelet transform to feature extraction, and employing the PNN to perform the classification of stationary signals. There are a total of 1000 sampling time series with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation originated by five types of satcom transmitters in the test. The established PNNs classifier implements the data testing and finally yields satisfactory accuracy at 8 dB(±1 dB) carrier to noise ratio, which indicates the feasibility of our method, and even the keen insight of its application in military.     

Evaluation of bismuth doped La2-xBixNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.02 and 0.04) as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells

Bismuth doped La_2-xBi_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0, 0.02 and 0.04) oxides are investigated as SOFC cathodes. The effects of Bi doping on the phase structure, thermal expansion, electrical conduction behavior as well as electrochemical performance are studied. All the samples exist as a tetragonal Ruddlesden-Popper structure. Bi-doped LBNO-0.02 and LBNO-0.04 have good chemical and thermal compatibility with LSGM electrolyte. The average TEC over 20–900°С was 13.4 × 10^?6 and 14.2 × 10^?6 K^?1 for LBNO-0.02 and LBNO-0.04, respectively. The electrical conductivity was decreasing with the rise of Bi doping content. EIS measurement indicates Bi doping can decrease the ASR values. At 750 °C, the obtained ASR for LBNO-0.04 is 0.18 Ωcm², which is 56% lower than that of the sample without Bi doping, suggesting Bi doping is beneficial to the electrochemical catalytic activity of LBNO cathodes.     

Cyclic thermal shock resistance of h-BN composite ceramics with La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 addition

The effects of La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ addition on the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), Young's modulus and cyclic thermal shock resistance of hot-pressed h-BN composite ceramics were investigated. The samples were heated to 1000 °C and then quenched to room temperature with 1–50 cycles, and the residual flexural strength was used to evaluate cyclic thermal shock resistance. h-BN composite ceramics containing 10 vol% La₂O₃–Al₂O₃ and 20 vol% SiO₂ addition exhibited the highest flexural strength, thermal conductivity and relatively low CTE, which were beneficial to the excellent thermal shock resistance. In addition, the viscous amorphous phase of ternary La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system could accommodate and relax thermal stress contributing to the high thermal shock resistance. Therefore, the residual flexural strength still maintained the value of 234.3 MPa (86.9% of initial strength) after 50 cycles of thermal shock.