Mechanisms of rectification of a high-frequency signal by a field-effect heterotransistor with a short channel

The effect of nonlinearity of the drift velocity of free charge carriers and the gradient-and concentration-related nonlinearities in the power-voltage sensitivity of a field-effect transistor with a short channel are studied theoretically. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data on the detection of terahertz radiation. It follows from the comparison that, in order to gain deeper insight into observed systematic features in the analysis of high-frequency characteristics of the transistor, one has to take into account some other mechanisms of the current nonlinearity, in addition to the plasma-related nonlinearity.     

Activation energy of electron-stimulated quenching of the photoluminescence of n-type porous silicon

The degradation of photoluminescence of porous silicon by kilovolt electrons and the mechanism and activation energy of this process have been investigated. Quantitative relations between the integral intensity of the photoluminescence and the irradiation dose and substrate temperature are obtained. The mechanism of the process is discussed and its activation energy is determined. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 44–50 (September 26, 1997)     

An analog of the hollow cathode effect in low-pressure high-frequency capacitive discharge

We have studied the process of ion flux formation in a low-pressure high-frequency capacitive discharge in the presence of a cavity on the electrode surface. If the cavity size is on the order of an electrode space charge sheath thickness, the spectrum of ions arriving at the cavity bottom surface contains a low-energy peak. The mechanism responsible for this peak is analogous to the hollow cathode effect in a dc discharge.     

Effect of the neutron spectrum on the characteristics of Np, Am, and Cm transmutation chains

It is shown by analysis of the influence of the neutron spectrum on the neutron balance of the transmutation chains of ²³⁷Np and ²⁴¹Am that in a fast-reactor spectrum these chains are short and more neutrons are created (excess 0.8–1 neutron per starting nucleus) than absorbed in them. In a thermal-reactor spectrum, these chains are longer and more neutrons are absorbed (deficit 0.7–0.83 per starting nucleus) than created in them. Additional nuclear fuel, for example, ²³⁵U and ²³⁹Pu, must be burned to cover the neutron deficit. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 100, No. 6, pp. 452–458, June, 2006.     

Conductance fluctuations in solids caused by defect migration

Conductance fluctuations caused by defect migration in randomized potential profile within the specimen of solids are considered and the problem of spectrum evaluation is solved. The noise is presented in the time domain as a superposition of local disturbances in the conductance. Each disturbance is a clustered random telegraph signal (RTS). The evaluation of the resulting spectrum is reduced to Lorentzians' summation. The approach suggested is more general compared to the known model of two-level systems (TLS) which considers defect jumps between two selected states. The criteria which are decisive for the shape of the noise spectrum are formulated. Mechanisms of conductance modulation initiated by defect migration are considered in detail. Numerical estimations for the resultant noise magnitude are also presented.     

Contribution of the Research and Design Institute of Electrical Technology to the formulation of a strategy for the development of nuclear power in Russia

The results of investigations performed by specialists at Research and Design Institute of Electrical Technology together with other enterprises, institutes, and organizations concerning the formulation of a strategy for the development of nuclear power in Russia in the first half of the 21st century are presented. The individual stages of the work, key assumptions, ideas, and recommendations, on which the strategy is based, the initiatives which the President of the Russian Federation advanced at the millennium summit held at the United Nations, and the international INPRO project initiated by Russia are examined. It is concluded that innovative development and a transition to building as quickly as possible nuclear power objects that meet the requirements and demands of the new century are necessary. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya,Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 5–15, July, 2007.     

Evaluation of the parameters of an experimental tokamak fusion-reactor and the influence of the indeterminacy of the plasmaphysical data

Conclusion Analysis using a simplified technicoeconomic model of a tokamak reactor and the procedures of graphic processing of the results allow the regions of the optimum parameters of an experimental minimum-cost reactor with various limitations to be determined. When refined and ignition scalings are taken into account simultaneously and an appropriate optimization is made we get the parameters of the experimental reactor, which differ slightly from the basic variant (in particular, a lower neutron load on the first wall). The reactor cost in this case should increase by 15–25% in comparison with the basic variant and remains virtually constant when the most favorable ignition scaling (ASDEX) is realized.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 22–28, January, 1987.