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1.
Auld B.A. Chimenti D.E. Shull P.J. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1996,43(2):319-325
The transverse resonance approach to guided wave analysis is applied to shear horizontal (SH) wave propagation in periodically layered composites. It is found for SH waves that at high values of the guided wavevector β, the wave energy is trapped in the slower of the two media and propagates accordingly at the slower wavespeed. At low values of β, however, the modes demonstrate a clustering behavior, indicative of the underlying Floquet wave structure. The number of modes in a cluster is observed to correlate with the number of unit cells in the layered plate. New physical insights into the behavior of these systems are obtained by analyzing the partial waves of the guided SH modes in terms of Floquet waves. We show that the fast and slow shear waves in the periodically layered composite play an analogous role to the longitudinal and shear partial waves comprising Lamb waves in a homogeneous plate 相似文献
2.
John K. Montgomery Peter L. Drzal Kenneth R. Shull K. T. Faber 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(5):1164-1168
A new ceramic processing method, thermoreversible gelcasting (TRG), has been developed. The method uses a gelation process that can be reversed multiple times. Two Al2 O3 systems have been explored with the use of a specific triblock copolymer to form a binding gel network. The mixture becomes a free-flowing liquid on heating above 60°C. However, on cooling below 60°C, the slurry instantaneously transforms to a physical gel. This process can be reversed easily (essentially with an infinite processing time window) while the solvent is present in the system, which is advantageous when trying to produce high-quality dense pieces if initial casting irregularities occur. Near-theoretically dense specimens have been produced with properties consistent with reported values of high-density Al2 O3 . 相似文献
3.
The axisymmetric Laplace equation is solved numerically to extract contact-angle data for a flat liquid/vapor interface contacting a submerged hemispherical solid. The liquid/vapor interface is treated as a membrane, with a membrane tension equal to the surface energy of the liquid. By measuring the vertical displacement of the membrane and the projected contact area the membrane makes with the hemisphere, the contact angle and correspondingly the driving force for motion of the contact line can be measured. We show that characteristic receding and advancing contact angles can be obtained by measuring the contact radii formed upon initial contact between the interface and hemisphere and final contact just prior to detachment of the interface, respectively. Use of the technique is illustrated with a model experiment involving the contact of an air/water interface with a poly(methyl methacrylate) surface. 相似文献
4.
The paper discusses the software metrics programs. Software metrics programs might rank among the all-time touchiest subjects in software development. Done well, a measurement program can prove an effective tool for keeping on top of development effort-especially for large, distributed projects. It can help developers feel that they have a fair and objective way of communicating their progress and getting resources allocated where they're needed most. An effective metrics program must address both products and processes. Product-related metrics can be tied to customer satisfaction. They often represent objectively verifiable properties such as the number of bugs or defects found in a product. Process metrics, include measures of effort and effectiveness and can give quick feedback about the status of defect containment, productivity, and other desirable properties at many points during development. However, instituting these metrics poses different challenges that the authors discussed and developed some best practice solutions. These include design measures with multiple stakeholders, build on measures that come naturally out of existing processes, and transparency. 相似文献
5.
Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed,headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania,USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy 下载免费PDF全文
We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7–19.9 times more discharge and 11.5–37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two‐three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management. 相似文献
6.
Victor R. Basili's contributions to software quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article deals with Victor R. Basili's contributions to software quality. Basili's contributions cover three broad areas: research in the 1970s and early 1980s on software measurement and the Goal Question Metric (GQM) model, research in the 1980s and 1990s on these measurement ideas' maturation into a software engineering model of empirical studies, including the development of the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) and the influence of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Software Engineering Laboratory, and research since 1990 in the Experience Factory as a model for creating learning organizations for continuous software process improvement. Some of Basili's most important contributions are in measuring software development processes and products and gifted the community with an invaluable tool: the GQM approach. The GQM approach is based on the assumption that for an organization to measure its products and processes usefully, it must first specify goals for itself and its projects. 相似文献
7.
8.
There have been many claims about knowledge management's benefits in software engineering, such as decreased time and cost for development, increased quality, and better decision-making abilities. Although we can find some success stories illustrating these claims, particularly on aspects related to the systems and engineering schools, more research is necessary to explore the intersection between each school and the software engineering field. Researchers should continue to emphasize the need for a broad focus across multiple KM schools to suceed in improving KM's practical application in software engineering. 相似文献
9.
We fabricated ZnS nanocrystals decorated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based chemiresistive sensor for DNA. Since the charge transfer in the hybrid nanostructures is considered to be responsible for many of their unique properties, the role of ZnS nanocrystals toward its performance in DNA sensor was delineated. It was found that the free carboxyl groups surrounding the ZnS nanocrystals allowed large loading of single strand DNA (ssDNA) probe that provided an ease of hybridization with target complementary c-ssDNA resulting in large electron transfer to SWNT. Thus it provided a significant improvement in sensitivity toward c-ssDNA as compared to bare SWNT based DNA sensor. 相似文献
10.
In no science or engineering discipline does it make sense to speak of isolated experiments. The results of a single experiment
cannot be viewed as representative of the underlying reality. Experiment replication is the repetition of an experiment to
double-check its results. Multiple replications of an experiment increase the confidence in its results. Software engineering
has tried its hand at the identical (exact) replication of experiments in the way of the natural sciences (physics, chemistry,
etc.). After numerous attempts over the years, apart from experiments replicated by the same researchers at the same site,
no exact replications have yet been achieved. One key reason for this is the complexity of the software development setting,
which prevents the many experimental conditions from being identically reproduced. This paper reports research into whether
non-exact replications can be of any use. We propose a process aimed at researchers running non-exact replications. Researchers
enacting this process will be able to identify new variables that are possibly having an effect on experiment results. The
process consists of four phases: replication definition and planning, replication operation and analysis, replication interpretation,
and analysis of the replication’s contribution. To test the effectiveness of the proposed process, we have conducted a multiple-case
study, revealing the variables learned from two different replications of an experiment. 相似文献