An eight‐node hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells

This paper presents eight‐node solid‐shell elements for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells. To subdue shear, trapezoidal and thickness locking, the assumed natural strain method and an ad hoc modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix are employed. A selectively reduced integrated element is formulated with its membrane and bending shear strain components taken to be constant and equal to the ones evaluated at the element centroid. With the generalized stresses arising from the modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix assumed to be independent from the ones obtained from the displacement, an extended Hellinger–Reissner functional can be derived. By choosing the assumed generalized stresses similar to the assumed stresses of a previous solid element, a hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element is formulated. Commonly employed geometric non‐linear homogeneous and laminated shell problems are attempted and our results are close to those of other state‐of‐the‐art elements. Moreover, the hybrid‐stress element converges more readily than the selectively reduced integrated element in all benchmark problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The inverse mapping and distortion measures for 8-node hexahedral isoparametric elements

The inverse relations of the isoparametric mapping for the 8-node hexahedra are derived by using the theory of geodesics in differential geometry. Such inverse relations assume the form of infinite power series in the element geodesic coordinates, which are shown to be the skew Cartesian coordinates determined by the Jacobian of the mapping evaluated at the origin. By expressing the geodesic coordinates in turn in terms of the isoparametric coordinates, the coefficients in the resulted polynomials are suggested to be the distortion parameters of the element. These distortion parameters can be used to sompletely describe the inverse relations and the determinant of the Jacobian of the mapping. The meanings of them can also be explained geometrically and mathematically. These methods of defining the distortion measures and deriving the inverse relations of the mapping are completely general, and can be applied to any other two-or three-dimensional isoparametric elements.     

基于改进双曲正切函数的变步长最小平均p范数算法

在信号处理领域,传统的自适应滤波算法采用的固定步长会导致稳态误差和收敛速度无法同时兼顾。针对这个问题,对最小平均p范数(Least Mean p-norm,LMP)算法进行改进,提出了一种基于改进双曲正切(tanh)函数的变步长最小平均p范数算法。该算法利用改进的tanh函数来调节步长,采用移动加权平均法构造变步长函数;同时引入了一个调节函数以进一步提升算法的性能。通过在海洋脉冲噪声干扰下进行仿真,实验表明,与已有的固定步长和变步长算法相比,改进的变步长LMP算法较好地兼顾系统的收敛速度和稳态误差;引入调节函数后的新算法在保证原有算法收敛速度的同时进一步降低了算法的稳态误差,从而兼顾了算法的收敛性和稳定性,具有较好的可行性。     

基于最小二乘法的光纤光栅Bragg波长直线拟合

针对基于可调谐法布里珀罗(F-P)滤波器的光纤光栅解调系统存在波长解调准确度不够高的问题,从理论上系统地分析了在解调过程中对光纤光栅B ragg波长进行直线拟合的可行性,即光纤光栅B ragg波长与F-P滤波器的调谐电压之间存在线性相关性。在实验研究的基础上,用最小二乘法对光纤光栅B ragg波长和F-P滤波器的调谐电压进行直线拟合,结果表明:它们之间的确存在密切的线性相关性。为提高拟合的效果,提出了分段直线拟合,它可以使测量误差降低至少1个数量级,从而提高了F-P滤波器光纤光栅解调系统的准确度。     

基于改进EMD样本熵和SVM的风机滚动轴承故障诊断

风机齿轮箱振动信号成分复杂,而经验模态分解(EMD)在故障诊断中存在模态混叠和端点效应问题.针对此问题,研究了一种EEMD样本熵和高斯径向基核函数的SVM分类器的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.以风机齿轮箱滚动轴承为研究对象,提取了内圈故障、外圈故障、滚动体故障和正常轴承4种状态振动信号,利用EEMD和小波分别对振动信号分解降噪并筛选主要IMF分量;计算前4阶IMF分量的样本熵作为特征向量;最后将特征向量输入高斯径向基核函数的SVM模型进行故障识别.结果表明:EEMD算法对端点效应和模态混叠都有一定抑制作用,EEMD样本熵和SVM相结合可有效识别滚动轴承故障类型,故障识别率为97.5％,为工程应用中风机齿轮箱滚动轴承故障诊断提供参考.     

Ba-based complex perovskite ceramics with superior energy storage characteristics

Linear dielectrics are widely used to create high power capacitors, where it is a big challenge to achieve high energy storage density in such dielectrics. Here, Ba-based complex perovskite ceramics with high dielectric strength, medium dielectric constant, and ultra-low dielectric loss are proposed as the candidates for high energy storage density dielectric materials, and the significant effects of 1:2 B-site ordering and ordering domain structure are systematically investigated. In Ba(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ ceramics, high dielectric strength of 1452 kV cm⁻¹ combined with high energy storage density of 3.31 J cm⁻³ are achieved in the samples after post-densification annealing, and they are 28% and 57%, respectively, higher than those in the as-sintered samples. The significant enhancement of energy storage performance could be attributed to the increased B-site ordering degree, and the uniform ordering domain structure. Furthermore, amorphous alumina thin films are introduced as the charge blocking layers, which significantly enhance the energy storage density to 5.09 J cm⁻³. The present work provides a new approach to develop the dielectric ceramics with high energy storage density.     

磺酸基改性聚丙烯酸类增稠剂的性能研究

混凝土增稠剂作为一种混凝土外加剂,可以提高混凝土的工作稳定性,改善混凝土的离析、泌水等问题.利用磺酸基对聚丙烯酸(PAA)类增稠剂进行改性,制备出一种增稠效果优良的增稠剂.利用红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)表征了聚合物结构与成分,研究了改性PAA对水泥浆体流变性能的影响,并通过TOC(总有机碳吸附)、Zeta电位、电导率、DLS(动态光散射)等手段分析了聚合物在水泥颗粒表面的吸附行为以及聚合物在水泥孔溶液中的构象,并据此提出改性PAA的作用机理.结果表明:磺酸基改性PAA会增加掺入聚羧酸减水剂(PCE)浆体的塑性粘度,降低浆体流动度,且磺酸基改性PAA会增大液相中的聚合物构象粒径,有利于增大浆体粘度,另外,长链状的磺酸基改性PAA会提供桥接作用增大水泥颗粒之间的相互作用,增大水泥浆体的塑性粘度.     

某高校既有建筑室内人员相关VOCs目标污染物的实测分析

为研究高校既有建筑室内人群散发对室内VOCs的影响,对高校不同人群样本的教室及会议室两类典型人群密集房间,共82个人群样本对象进行了VOCs采样分析,得到不同实际场景下的人员相关的VOCs浓度水平,并对其潜在的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,共确认了29种与室内人员相关的高检出率且较高浓度值的物质,包括芳香族化合物9种,烷烯烃类9种,酮类和醛类8种,醇酯类以及卤化物3种,并得到主要VOCs物质的浓度水平和I/O比。对影响因素的统计分析表明,室内人员密度、季节和房间类型对不同VOCs物质存在显著性影响,其中季节性因素对目标VOCs污染物影响最为广泛,其次是房间类型与室内人员密度。该研究可为进一步了解人员密集室内VOCs污染现状及控制策略提供一定的科学参考。     

A hybrid-element approach to crack problems in plane elasticity

The hybrid-element concept and the complex variable technique have been adopted for constructing a special super-element to be used jointly with conventional finite elements for the analysis of elastic stress intensity factors for plane cracks. The use of the complex variable technique permits the proper consideration of the stress intensity at the crack tip, and it also leads to very efficient programming. The use of such a super-element in the finite element solution has been shown to be highly accurate when only a very coarse element mesh is used near the crack.