基于Apache Spark的地震观测数据噪声功率谱计算

为解决单机环境下海量地震观测数据计算和分析效率低下的问题,提出一种基于分布式架构的地震观测数据的存储、计算和分析处理方法,选择噪声功率谱复杂计算过程的应用场景进行实现.基于Hadoop在海量数据处理上的性能优势,在分布式文件存储系统HDFS上进行地震观测数据的存储和调度,研究测震数据噪声功率谱的质量评估方法在Spark分布式计算架构上的实现,采用弹性数据集Spark RDD将计算任务自动分配到计算节点,解析存储在HDFS中的测震波形数据,计算结果采用RowKey方式放入分布式数据库HBase中,实现了长周期地震噪声功率谱结果的存储和提取.计算结果表明,基于Spark分布式架构的该方法可以支撑TB级海量数据的处理,并且具有较高的处理效率,可应用于海量地震观测数据的分析计算.     

多源遥感水库蓄水量估算系统

水库蓄水量研究对于合理保护和利用水资源具有重要的指导意义.针对水库蓄水量估算研究现状和不足,使用星载雷达高度计(RA)提取水库的遥测水位,利用星载多光谱成像仪(MSI)和星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)提取水库的水域面积,基于数据同化技术建立了多源遥感水库蓄水量估算模型,并开发了一款多源遥感水库蓄水量估算系统.该系统可以无接触地获取遥测水位和水域面积并估算蓄水量,具有稳定性、通用性等特点,有望应用于防汛抗旱、水库调度等领域,为管理部门科学化、高效化管理水库提供技术支撑.     

基于规则的土壤数据校验模型研究与实现①

数据校验是数据挖掘与知识发现中的重要一环。我国土壤观测数据由于台站观测人员上网条件、观测地记录不便以及需要适当的数据预处理等原因,无法实行在线入库,一般借助于Excel等软件来记录中间结果,再提交土壤分中心,这样的记录过程经常引入不必要的错误。提出了一个基于可定制规则库的土壤数据校验模型。模型主要包括数据格式转换模块、权限管理模块、元数据管理模块、重复记录去除模块、数据校验模块及规则定制与解析模块。低侵入式的轻量级设计,使得在大大减轻数据校验人员工作量的情况下,原有的数据填报流程不需要改变。可定制规则使得模型易于扩展。     

Robust controller design of SGCMG driven by hollow USM

This work proposes a design for robust control system of a single-gimbal control moment gyro (SGCMG) driven by a hollow ultrasonic motor. Considering the nonlinear characteristic of the whole system, the fuzzy Takage-Sugeno control theory was introduced to achieve a robust control over wide range stability. Based on the proposed control theory, the parameters of feedback control of close loop were determined, and a whole system model has been build for system simulation and robust controller research. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The proposed controller was implemented on an embedded microcontroller unit through C language. On the actual system of SGCMG driven by ultrasonic motor, a sinusoidal signal speed tracking has shown that the speed error less 0.5°/s and the close loop system express a good stability over a referenced speed range of 0.2–72°/s. Step response experiments shown that the system fast response time without overshot. The experiments have verified the proposed robust control algorithm in speed, robustness and stability.     

基于SVD与模糊聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤为个性化推荐解决信息过载问题提供了方案,然而也存在着数据的稀疏性、可扩展性等影响推荐质量的关键问题.我们提出了一种基于奇异值分解（SVD）与模糊聚类的协同过滤推荐算法,通过引用物理学上狭义相对论中能量守恒的方法以保留总体特征值的数目,较为准确地确定降维维度,实现对原始数据的降维及其数据填充.另外,再运用模糊聚类的方法将相似用户进行聚类,从而达到减少邻居用户搜索范围的目的.在MovieLens与2013年百度电影推荐系统比赛等不同数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能够提高推荐质量.     

具有网络丢包和时延的网络控制系统设计

为了降低对于网络传输的要求,针对具有固定时延和随机丢包情况的网络系统,采用状态增广以克服时延对网络控制系统分析的影响,进而考虑随机丢包情况,将增广系统转化为切换系统.以此为基础,提出网络鲁棒控制器设计方法.该控制器仅仅基于被控对象的反馈状态,因此对于网络传输的要求较低.最后,通过一个仿真算例验证了该系统的有效性.     

Terminal Protection of Small Molecule-Linked DNA for Small Molecule–Protein Interaction Assays

Methods for the detection of specific interactions between diverse proteins and various small-molecule ligands are of significant importance in understanding the mechanisms of many critical physiological processes of organisms. The techniques also represent a major avenue to drug screening, molecular diagnostics, and public safety monitoring. Terminal protection assay of small molecule-linked DNA is a demonstrated novel methodology which has exhibited great potential for the development of simple, sensitive, specific and high-throughput methods for the detection of small molecule–protein interactions. Herein, we review the basic principle of terminal protection assay, the development of associated methods, and the signal amplification strategies adopted for performance improving in small molecule–protein interaction assay.     

Cutting characteristics of dental glass ceramics during in vitro dental abrasive adjusting using a high-speed electric handpiece

Machinability is an important characteristic of dental ceramics for restorative dentistry because machining is not only commonly employed in dental CAD/CAM systems but also essential in dental adjustments for occlusal fitting and restorative quality. This paper reports on an in vitro study on machinability of dental ceramics by quantifying cutting characteristics of feldspar and leucite glass ceramics in simulated dental adjusting using a high-speed electric handpiece and diamond burs. Cutting forces, force ratio, energy, surface integrity and bur topography were evaluated as functions of clinically relevant cutting conditions. The results indicate that tangential and normal forces and specific cutting energy for both materials exhibited significant dependences (p<0.01) on both the bur depth of cut and the bur feed rate. Surface roughness showed a weak influence by the choice of the material (0.05>p>0.01) but no correlations with the cutting conditions applied (p>0.05). At the slower feed rates or smaller depths of cut the cutting behaviors for the two materials were very similar in terms of cutting forces and specific cutting energy. At the deeper depths of cut or faster feed rates, normal forces for leucite glass ceramic were significantly higher than those for feldspar glass ceramic (p<0.01). However, leucite glass ceramic produced better cutting surfaces with less fracture areas compared with feldspar ceramic due to its lower index of brittleness and higher force threshold for brittle–ductile transition. This research provides a methodological qualification in evaluating cutting characteristics of dental ceramics and quality control in clinical dentistry.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体中8种典型喹诺酮类抗生素

目的 建立一种检测8种喹诺酮类抗生素的液相色谱-串联质谱法并评价其在水体环境中的应用。方法 采用C18色谱柱(10 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为分离柱,以甲醇～0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,设定柱温为35 ℃、流速为0.35 mL/min;质谱条件采用电喷雾离子源 (Electron Spray Ionization, ESI) 正离子模式(ESI+)及多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式采集。结果 在0.1~100.0 μg/L浓度范围内,马波沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星6种抗生素的质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r2>0.99), 检出限为0.1 μg/L; 在5.0~500.0 μg/L浓度范围内,培氟沙星、诺氟沙星的质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r2>0.99),检出限为5.0 μg/L。8种喹诺酮在环境水样品中的平均回收率为98.30%~111.77%,相对标准偏差为0.71%~12.80%。结论 该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可以满足水体环境中喹诺酮类抗生素检测。     

驱油用抗盐聚合物KYPAM的应用性能

新研制并已投入工业生产的驱油用抗盐聚合物KYPAM，为具有梳形分子结构的超高分子量的AM／AHPE共聚物（共聚单体AHPE结构未知）。按大庆企业标准《驱油用聚丙烯酰胺》的规定测定6项质量指标，KYPAM均优于大庆2B838和日本三菱MO－4000；在矿化度为1000－19334mg/L的大庆（45℃），胜利（70℃，80℃）5种清水，污水中，1000mg/L的KYPAM溶液的粘度较对比超高分子量HPAM高30％－40％；在不脱氧180小时溶液老化测试中，KYPAM粘度保持率最高，KYPAM溶液45℃剪切稳定性略高于2B838和MO－4000溶液；KYPAM在3种水中的增粘性能（粘浓曲线，45℃和70℃）均远好于2B838和MO－4000。在70℃岩心驱油实验中，KYPAM污水溶液提高水驱后采收的幅度，阻力系数和残余阻力系数均高于英国胶体公司的HPAM1285清水溶液。