Enhanced photo-electrochemical activity of ZnO/Cu2S nanotube arrays photocathodes

ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays are fabricated firstly by a facile and capping-agent-free method, and the photo-electrochemical performance has been studied systematically. The results show that ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays achieve enhanced photo-electrochemical water splitting performance and the photocurrent densities of ZnO/Cu₂S are 7.9 times than that of ZnO at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The performance of the ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays can be adjusted by changing the amount of Cu₂S microcrystals. The results confirm that the enhanced photo-electrochemical performance of ZnO/Cu₂S is due to the significantly improved visible light absorption, effective separation of photo-induced carriers due to the well band energy match and the formed p-n junction between ZnO and Cu₂S.     

改进的永磁同步电机双矢量模型预测转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机（PMSM）传统模型预测转矩控制（MPTC）权重系数设置复杂、转矩和磁通脉动大的问题,提出了一种改进的PMSM双矢量MPTC方法。该方法扩展虚拟矢量以增加候选电压矢量,结合电压矢量作用于转矩和磁链的原则,减少选择候选矢量的计算量。同时,针对转矩无差拍和磁通无差拍,运用候选矢量的转矩占空比和磁通占空比构造了优化规则代替传统预测转矩控制中的代价函数,避免权重系数的整定问题。仿真结果表明,所提改进方法不仅提高稳态性能,而且能保持MPTC动态响应迅速的特点。     

Multidisciplinary design modeling and optimizationfor satellite with maneuver capability

According to the mission of a satellite with maneuver capability, the collaborative optimization (CO) method was introduced for the satellite system design, and the related multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) model was established. The possessing and needed velocity increments Δv and Δv _{n e e d} were taken as the measurement of maneuvering capability of the studied satellite, which were then combined with total mass of the satellite to form the optimization objective in the systematic level of the MDO problem. The design variables and constraints of the MDO problem dealt with disciplines or subsystems as guidance, navigation and control (GNC), power, and structure, and corresponding engineering analysis models were also built. A program system to solve the MDO problem wasdeveloped by integrating a non-nested CO method, the commercial and user-supplied codes on framework software iSIGHT. The result showed that the satellite performance could be obviously improved, which also indicates MDO technique is feasible and effective for the spacecraft design problem. The modeling and optimization procedure of the work can be referred for further research and engineering design.     

A simplification method for capacitance models in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors under large drain voltage using channel analysis

This article analyzes the bias dependence of gate‐drain capacitance (C_gd) and gate‐source capacitance (C_gs) in the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors under a high drain‐to‐source voltage (V_ds) from the perspective of channel shape variation, and further simplifies C_gd and C_gs to be gate‐to‐source voltage (V_gs) dependent only at high V_ds. This method can significantly reduce the number of parameters to be fitted in C_gd and C_gs and therefore lower the difficulty of model development. The Angelov capacitance models are chosen for verifying the effectiveness of simplification. Good agreement between simulated and measured small‐signal S‐parameters, large‐signal power sweep, and power contours comprehensively proves the accuracy of this simplification method.     

核主泵环形压水室内的能量转换特性

为揭示环形压水室内部流动及能量转换规律,提高核主泵的整体水力性能,基于Reynolds时均化N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型,对核主泵缩比模型内部流动进行全三维数值计算,对比分析不同工况下压水室内部流动特征、能量损失以及不同截面动静压能变化规律。结果表明:环形压水室内水力损失随着流量的增加近似呈线性增加,对于压水室损失占总损失的比重,在小流量及设计工况下,呈非线性成倍增加趋势,当流量增大至1.2Q_d时,压水室损失比重变化平缓;在压水室环形流道内静压能比重明显高于动压能,且静压能比重沿流向近似线性减小,动压能比重沿流向线性增大;在不同工况下环形压水室内部流动呈现明显的非轴对称性,由于回流存在导致隔舌附近区域流动复杂,且偏设计工况下回流量要明显大于设计工况下回流量。     

一种需求驱动的服务行为适配方法

现有服务行为适配方法通常侧重于如何消除服务之间行为上的不相容而往往没有考虑用户的需求,因而需要对基于适配器的服务组合进行需求的可满足性验证,这使得基于适配器的服务组合过程复杂且低效.针对此问题,本文在适配器生成过程中考虑用户的需求,提出一种需求驱动的服务行为适配方法,并给出用于描述用户需求的形式模型的语法及语义.证明了利用本文方法所生成的适配器不仅可以消除服务之间行为上的不相容,并且保证基于适配器的服务组合的行为满足需求给出的时序约束,避免了对基于适配器的服务组合进行验证.通过一个贯穿全文的实例分析表明了方法的可行性和有效性     

Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay, USA

Sediment is an important environmental factor for aquatic ecosystem and oyster productivities of Apalachicola Bay located in Florida, USA. Based on the data analysis in this study, surface wind speed is highly correlated to the turbidity of water column, which results from sediment resuspension and transport in the Apalachicola Bay. In this paper, an application of a 3D sediment transport model to predict the wind-induced sediment transport in Apalachicola Bay is described. The sediment model is coupled with a 3D hydrodynamic module in the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model that provides information on estuarine circulation and salinity transport under normal temperature conditions. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated with field observations of water levels and salinity. The sediment transport model solves the transport equation with sources and sinks terms to describe sediment deposition and resuspension. The coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were used to investigate wind-induced total suspended sediments (TSS) resuspension and transport in the bay. For the period June 1–July 30, 2005 two storm events with strong winds gave model results of TSS concentrations that compared well with the field observations. Model simulations reasonably reproduce the sudden increase of sediment concentrations during the storm events. Maximum sediment concentrations in the bay during the two storm events were 10 times or more than those in the pre-storm conditions. Spatial sediment transport from model simulations indicate active sediment resuspension and transport near areas of highly productive oyster beds. The model predictions of TSS and salinity can be used as inputs to an oyster dynamic model (Wang, H., Huang, W., Harwell, M., Edmiston, L., Johnson, E., Hsieh, P., Milla, K., Christensen, J., Stewart, J., Liu, X., 2008. Modeling eastern oyster population dynamics in response to changing environment in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Journal of Ecological Modeling 211, 77–89) to support the ecological study of oyster growth and mortality in the aquatic ecosystem of Apalachicola Bay.     

知识创造视阈下的艺术设计教育

艺术设计教育的核心是创设性思维过程的形成和培养,其整个过程中含有的大量暗默知识如何与形式知识互动转换,产生创设性的思维是艺术设计创作和教育的难点。因此设计教育应该放在知识创造的视阈下进行思考。本文基于野中郁次郎和竹内弘高认为的"人类知识是通过暗默知识与形式知识之间的社会化相互作用而创造和扩展出来的"观点,分析探讨艺术设计创作和教育中的暗默知识与形式知识互动转换以及创设性思维过程的形成和培养。     

机械臂与环境交互的位置/力切换抑制振动方法

当机械臂执行位置/力的混合跟踪任务时，位置控制一般用于机械臂的自由运动阶段，力控制一般用于约束运动阶段。这种位置/力切换的控制结构既能实现与环境接触前对机械臂位置的精确控制，也能保证接触后对期望控制力的准确跟踪。由于开关系统本身存在的切换不稳定性，机械臂在以一定的速度与环境接触时，机械臂执行器会在环境表面振动甚至弹跳。针对此问题，提出了一种半主动阻尼阻抗学习方法，该方法主要包含两部分：基于位置/力切换控制的半主动阻尼控制器；基于一种逆秩拟牛顿法（broyden fletcher goldfarb shanno，简称BFGS）的阻抗学习算法，根据学习到的环境参数调节半主动阻尼，实现机械臂在接触面的振动抑制和平稳过渡。在仿真及实验中，应用提出的方法让机械臂与不同环境交互，结果表明：该方法能很好地抑制接触过渡阶段的超调力，并防止机械臂在切换过程中的振动，实现了柔顺接触和平稳过渡。     

Synthesis of a non-integer periodic function generator of a four-bar mechanism using a Haar wavelet

In this study, a synthesis method for a non-integer periodic function generator of a four-bar mechanism using a Haar wavelet is presented. Using wavelet theory, the mathematical model for the output of a four-bar mechanism is established. Next, the characteristics of the four-bar mechanism output variable are described by the wavelet feature parameters; the relationship of the wavelet feature parameters between the output and its translation or dilation is also investigated. Based on this finding, three numerical atlas databases comprising of 203,500 groups of basic dimensional types of planar four-bar mechanisms, 148,995 groups of basic dimensional types of spherical four-bar mechanism and 11,175 groups of basic dimensional types of planar slider–crank mechanism are compiled. According to the internal relationship between the wavelet feature parameters, the sizes of the objective mechanism can be obtained using fuzzy recognition. Based on a genetic algorithm, optimization of the link parameters can be realized. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of the proposed theory.