The solubility of helium and argon in liquid lead,bismuth, and their eutectic alloy at high temperatures

The “hole” model is used to calculate the solubility of inert gases of helium and argon, in heavy liquid-metal coolants of fast nuclear power reactors, such as lead, bismuth, and lead-bismuth eutectic, at temperatures up to 1000 K and pressure of 0.1 MPa. The relative error of the resultant calculation data is estimated.     

Systemic release of soluble TNF receptors after high-dose TNF in isolated limb perfusion

Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with high dose tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma and melphalan (TIM) is an efficient treatment for patients with regionally advanced melanoma and sarcoma. In 44 patients, we determined the kinetics of soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-RI and RII) plasma concentrations, and correlated them with systemic TNF and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and shock. Seven patients treated conventionally by ILP without cytokine served as controls. Elevated levels of both sTNF-Rs were observed within 30 min after beginning of the TIM-ILP. A first peak of sTNF-Rs levels was observed 3 h after ILP and was followed by a rapid decrease reaching a nadir at 12-14 h post ILP. This first peak was followed by a second, long-lasting elevation of both sTNF-Rs levels persisting for 4 to 5 days after TIM-ILP. Patients treated by ILP without TNF/interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) had no detectable increase in either sTNF-Rs or in circulating TNF, demonstrating that the release of TNF-Rs was dependent upon the administration of TNF/IFN-gamma. High plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 were observed in patients that had more than 5% leakage during the TIM-ILP, but no significant correlation between TNF levels and the peak values of both sTNF-Rs was observed. The levels of TNF and IL-6 were, however, significantly related to each other. TNF systemic levels, but not sTNF-Rs concentrations, correlated significantly with the severity of the shock observed after TIM-ILP. Patients in which sTNF-RII concentration was in excess over circulating TNF, had no shock or grade I shock only, suggesting that sTNF-RII may play a protective, although limited, role in inhibiting activity of circulating TNF.     

无机填料对聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

参阅大量英语文献的基础上,简述了纳米无机粒子填料对聚合物及聚合物复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。主要包括微米/纳米无机粒子尺寸、含量及无机粒子与其它材料的协同作用对聚合物基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,对科研工作者深入探索和研究聚合物复合材料的摩擦学性能有一定的参考价值。     

Development and experimental verification of a method for assessment of consistency of the thermodynamic and structural properties of binary coolants based on systems of alkali metals

The construction of correlation function of concentration fluctuations S _cc (0) = f(T, x _i ) is used to validate the criterion of assessment of the internal consistency of the thermodynamic and structural properties of liquid-metal alloys, as well as of the reliability of experimental data on the Gibbs energy of solution formation ΔG, methods of their approximation, and theoretical models which reproduce the behavior of ΔG. The method is verified for the Cs-Na, K-Na, and Cs-K systems of alkali metals using the data of thermodynamic experiment in determining the Gibbs energy of formation of liquid-metal solution ΔG which is the basis for construction of the function S _cc (0). The data on statistical structure factor S(0) uniquely related to function S _cc (0) are obtained using the results (available in the literature) of experiments in X-ray and neutron spectroscopy, including data on diffraction and small-angle inelastic scattering.     

基于创造性工程人才培养的课堂教学实践

培养创造性的工程人才是现代高等工程教育的核心目标,创造性的课堂教学在其中起着举足轻重的作用。我们多年来在土木工程专业教学中进行了创造性课堂教学的努力,从以下几个方面做了有益的尝试,获得了较好的效果:1.言行为范,培养学生创造性的意识和思维;2.注重哲学引导,培养学生的想象力和全局意识;3.发掘并灌输科学的思想,帮助学生建立创造性解决问题的思路;4.注重对教学内容的创造性提炼,提高课堂教学效率;5.借用比喻手法,提高学生学习的兴趣和效果。     

轴流风机动叶异常对风机内熵产影响的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对OB-84型轴流风机动叶安装角异常情况进行数值模拟,并用熵产理论研究和分析了风机动叶安装角异常前后的熵产分布特征．结果表明：湍流耗散为风机熵产的主要来源,动叶区和导叶区的熵产率较高,集流器区和扩压区的熵产率很小,但动叶区、导叶区和扩压区的总熵产处于同一数量级．叶片偏离程度对风机熵产有不同程度的影响,除异常叶片安装角偏离值△β±10°外,风机内的熵产均高于正常值,且熵产随△β增大而提高,但当△β〉30°时,△β对风机内熵产的影响有所减弱;同向偏离时,在异常叶片下游形成影响多流道的高熵产带,而反向偏离时的高熵产率区仅呈现零散分布;在相同偏离程度下,同向偏离对熵产的影响大于反向偏离．     

基于FPGA／CPLD数控系统插补智能芯片设计

基于数控智能芯片的架构和软件硬化的理念，利用FPGA／CPLD设计插补模块既保留了硬件电路运算速度快（纳秒级）、插补思路清晰的优点，又克服了原有数字逻辑插补电路灵活性差的缺点。选用美国Altera公司的CycloneⅡ系列芯片进行下载配置，实现了脉冲增量式插补中的逐点比较法轮廓插补算法，定义出了芯片的输入／输出接口，通过VHDL语言进行编程仿真，获得了输出脉冲波形，完成了直线和圆弧轮廓4个象限的插补功能。     

The solubility of inert gases in liquid-metal heat-transfer agents

In the case of neutron irradiation of some metals, many of the nuclear reactions (n, p), (n, α), and (n, 2n) lead to the formation of inert gases [1]. The formation of isotopes of helium in these reactions, as well as of isotopes of xenon¹³³Xe and krypton⁸⁵Kr, as the products of fission of fuel in fast neutron reactors has a considerable effect on the heat-transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of the heat-transfer agents (for example, alkali metals and alloys on their basis), this necessitating the investigation of the solubility of inert gases in liquid metals [2]. In addition, note the considerable effect of dissolved inert gases on the thermal properties of liquid metals at high temperatures, especially, in the critical point region. The paper presents the results of calculation of the solubility of inert gases (helium, argon, krypton, xenon) in liquid alkali metals atT=600 K andP = 0.1MPa.     

Technology for the production of synthetic liquid fuel based on the conversion of solid fossil fuels and natural gas

Technology is proposed for the production of synthetic diesel and jet fuels based on the conversion of solid fossil fuels and natural gas at small-scale low-pressure plants. Based on thermodynamic analysis data and the results of the development of highly active catalysts, which are selective for diesel and jet fractions and afford maximum yields of target products in single-run mode, the possibility of performing the process in a small number of stages is substantiated.     

Seasonal allergic rhinitis and pollen count (a 5-year survey in Budapest)

The authors compared the seasonal symptoms and the pollen allergen spectrum of pollen allergy with the 5-year aeropalynological data in Budapest. They summarized the average of symptom scores based on the diaries of 105 pollen allergic patients (mainly children) suffering from seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The pollen allergen spectrum of the patients was defined. They constructed a local pollen calendar on the basis of the first regular pollen counting in Budapest, which had been done by them for 5 years. The symptom scores grew parallel with the increasing number of grass and ragweed pollen. Tree pollen allergy was found in 7.6 per cent of the patients. In spite of the high number of three pollen in the air in March and April the patients did not have too many complaints according to their symptom scores. Grass pollen allergy was found in 67.6 per cent of the patients and in the grass pollen season (May-July) the characteristic clinical symptoms were expressed. Weeds (in 64.8 per cent of the patients), especially ragweed (in 59.0 per cent of the patients) caused the most significant complaints in the late summer--autumn (August, September and partly October) period. Ragweed and other weeds play an important role in the etiology of seasonal allergic diseases in Hungary. The authors call the attention to the necessity of measures taken against the spread of ragweed.