Microwave drying performance of lignite with the assistance of biomass-derived char

Microwave lignite drying with assistance of biomass-derived char was addressed and effect of bio-char on drying rate and energy consumption was investigated in this work. Effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy for the drying process were also analyzed. The results indicated the drying process was largely dependent on the variation of sample temperature. Bio-char originated from pine wood was most favorable for lignite drying, considering its better promoting effect and advanced security. There existed an optimal bio-char addition ratio for drying process at different power. The corresponding optimal ratio was 10% at 231?W and 15% at 385?W, at which the biggest drying rate and the least energy consumption were reached. It was compared lignite drying initiated at 385?W was better for energy conservation. Effective diffusivity was improved and activation energy was simultaneously reduced, with the addition of bio-char. The minimum activation energy was 15.54?W?·?g^?1, which was gained at bio-char addition ratio of 10%. The results revealed the effect of bio-char on depressing activation energy could rival that of metal-based additives. The drying process with assistance of microwave and bio-char could present technical and economical benefits on lignite upgrading.     

岩石圈深部温度压力条件下褐煤与水的热模拟研究

在压力高达1—3GPa、温度为400—700℃的条件下，在密闭体系中进行了褐煤加水的模拟实验。分析了实验产物中液态烃的变化规律，并讨论了压力、温度及恒温时间对有机质演化的影响。实验结果表明，热模拟液态产物氯仿沥青“A”的有机碳含量为0．91％-2．55％，2GPa条件下其高峰值后移至700℃，说明高压抑制了液态烃的生成，同时压力升高有利于有机质降解产物的环化、聚合和芳构化。在400—600℃条件下，温度升高或恒温时间增长，OEP和Pr／Ph值均减小；而在700℃的恒温条件下，压力增高，OEP和Pr／Ph值均增大。说明有机质的成熟度与温度和加热时间成正相关，而压力增加抑制了有机质的成熟演化。在高压条件下，芳烃演化的主要趋势是甲基化作用，压力升高有利于甲基化反应和甲基重排。     

H2S optimization for lignite liquefaction

Two lignite samples, Beulah No. 3 and Big Brown No. 1, were liquefied at 420 °C using H₂ and synthesis gas to determine the optimum beneficial amount of H₂S in the batch autoclave reactor. Under the conditions employed, 50–100 psi partial pressure of H₂S, nominally 4–10 wt% of daf lignite, was optimum for both samples. Synthesis gas outperformed H₂ with and without H₂S for the liquefaction of the two coals.     

黄药合成工艺的生产实践

本文介绍了永平铜矿强力公司黄药合成的工艺概况 ,并论述了在生产实践中对提高产品质量所采取的主要措施     

硅化腐植酸钠GFN-1的研制

针对目前生产腐植酸硅化产品原料受限的缺点,在大量试验的基础上,确定了一条以腐植酸和硅化剂为主要原料的生产工艺,合成了一种与有机硅腐植酸钾(OSAM-K)性能相当的硅化腐植酸钠产品GFN-1,对其常规性能指标和在清水及无固相聚合物钻井液体系中、在膨润土浆和低固相钻井液体系中应用指标,耐温性能进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,GFN-1作为钻井液添加剂,具有良好的降滤失、降黏、耐温及热稳定性,并兼有优良的控制页岩分散能力,其大多数应用性能相当于或略优于OSAM-K,作为替代品完全能够满足油田现场应用的需要。GFN-1的硅化原料性质稳定、来源广泛,生产工艺简单易行,产品质量稳定,具有较好的推广价值。     

Isotherm analyses for single component and multi-component metal sorption onto lignite

The adsorption of the three metal ions, copper, cadmium and zinc in single component and multi-component mixtures in aqueous solutions by lignite is reported. A comparison is made between the single component saturation uptake and the multi-component uptakes. The isotherms indicate a competitive uptake with copper being preferentially absorbed by the lignite in multi-component solutions. The isotherms are plotted to obtain the Langmuir constants, the Freundlich constants and the Redlich–Peterson constants. Lignite is shown to possess an affinity for the metal ions which make its use as an adsorbent a possible alternative to the use of more expensive activated carbons.     

免疫遗传算法在烧结矿配料优化中的应用

运用免疫遗传算法和MATLAB语言 ,编制了钢铁烧结矿配料优化计算仿真程序 ,计算机仿真结果表明符合实际生产工艺要求 ,可直接应用于生产 ,提高各种烧结矿的综合利用率 ,降低成本 1 0 32 %。从而证明了免疫遗传算法是一种切实有效的优化方法 ,该算法为钢铁烧结矿配料问题的优化求解提供了新的思路和方法。     

废塑料配煤炼焦的小焦炉试验

废塑料经分类、筛选和制粒后，用小焦炉进行配煤炼焦试验，结果表明，对焦炭强度的影响不大，还可增加炼焦化学产品的产率，但废塑料的配比宜控制在2％以下。     

Milk fat fractionation today: A review

Although anhydrous milk fat (AMF) has excellent properties, its variable physicochemical properties and its lack of functionality restrict its uses in the food industry. A technology involving dry fractionation of AMF has been developed, and its attributes include selectivity, reliability and general application. Combining two simple and reliable technologies,i.e., multi-step fractionation and blending, it is possible to overcome functionality problems and the seasonal variations of AMF. Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists’ Society in Toronto, May 10, 1992.     

配料系统中核子秤的实物标定法

针对使用单位对核子秤实物标定方法的认识与掌握不够，而导致核子秤不能正常使用的问题，文中详细介绍了配料系统中应用核子秤进行实物标定的条件及几种方法。