Compensation of voltage disturbances using PEMFC supported Dynamic Voltage Restorer

The continuity of supply and quality of power are the two main significant aspects of today’s power delivery system. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series connected custom power device which improves the quality of power delivered to the consumers. This paper deals with the effectual exploitation of DVR for interconnecting the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack to the grid based on optimized proportional integral (PI) and fuzzy logic (FL) Controller. The real coded Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the PI controller parameters. The PEMFC operated boost converter is used to boost up the fuel cell output voltage to balance the DC side necessities of the voltage source converter (VSC). The proposed DVR provides balanced and unbalanced voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic reduction as well as an active power injection to the grid. The designed method also protects the sensitive loads from source side power quality disturbances including short term interruption. In addition, the harmonic compensation performance of the proposed work is validated by comparing with the results of the H^∞ controller based DVR under medium level voltage condition. The simulation results from MATLAB/SIMULINK are discussed to prove the effectiveness of the planned method.     

Voltage sag compensation with minimum energy injection by use of a micro‐SMES

This paper presents a method to compensate voltage sags with minimum energy injection for a series‐connected voltage restorer using a micro‐SMES. A circuit for extracting the fundamental symmetrical components from sag voltages and a minimum energy injection algorithm is described. Simulations of voltage sag compensation have been carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC for various faults. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method and show the possibility of reducing the size of energy storage devices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 70–80, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10047     

一种PC式数字录像机软件系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种PC(个人计算机)式数字录像机软件系统的设计与实现,给出了该软件系统的组成框架,对系统主要功能的设计与实现进行了简介,包括图像预览、录像与回放、移动侦测与遮挡、电子地图等。文章给出了系统设计中的多厂家设备支持、系统性能优化两个关键问题的设计与实现。该PC式数字录像机软件系统界面友好、功能完善、运行稳定,用户易于掌握使用,同时具有良好的可扩展性,在实际使用中效果良好。     

关于无穷计算问题的水平分裂算法分析及改进

首先介绍了用于路由选择的DVR(距离矢量路由)算法及其存在的无穷计算问题。然后阐述了用于解决该问题的水平分裂算法的思想,并运用MST(最小生成树)分析法对其进行了基于树型、环型和网状3种网络拓扑结构的算法分析。最后提出了一种改进的水平分裂算法———下一跳算法,并在实例分析的基础上对其存在的问题进行了总结。     

电能质量问题的研究和技术进展(三) --电力系统的电压凹陷

首先介绍电压凹陷的一般概念。从幅值和持续时间所反映的波形特征上对各种电压凹陷进行分类。基于系统可靠性的分析方法提出电压凹陷影响评估的方式并给出性能指标，考虑了敏感负荷的要求和电压凹陷的量化标准。最后简要介绍了电压凹陷的一般控制方法。     

动态电压恢复器的能量稳定控制

针对动态电压恢复器(DynamicVoltageRestorer,DVR)提出了一种能量稳定控制策略,该策略综合了已有的负荷电压固定补偿,同相电压补偿和最小能量补偿三种负荷电压控制策略的优点而避免了各自的缺点,在实现DVR补偿目标的同时,优化了DVR与系统的能量交换过程,减少了所需要的设备容量并增加了有效补偿时间,提高了经济性和可靠性。采用该控制策略的DVR不需要整流充电单元也能够在发生电压跌落或电压上升后的较短时间内恢复其直流储能单元的能量,同时避免了系统电压上升时,DVR吸收能量导致直流侧过电压带来的安全威胁。最后用仿真试验验证了该控制策略的实用性和有效性。     

Voltage sag mitigation in an Indian distribution system using dynamic voltage restorer

Now a day’s most power quality problems in distribution systems are related to voltage sags. Hence, diverse solutions have been tried to compensate these voltage sags to circumvent financial losses due to voltage sag at industries. Dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) are now becoming more recognized in industries to diminish the impact of voltage sags to sensitive loads. The DVR, which is placed in series with a sensitive load, must be able to react speedily to a voltage sag if end users of sensitive equipment are to experience no voltage sags. This paper discusses the use of series reactive injection as a voltage regulator. The proposed approach is to develop analytical aspects and to illustrate these by an example of a real Indian distribution system. Voltage sag can be eliminated by continuously injecting very small voltage profile to the system. The scheme combines the method of instantaneous symmetrical components and complex Fourier transform relations. The proposed technique, based on half-cycle averaging, can mitigate voltage sag at desired locations in distribution systems. The proposed methodology is applied in a 4 bus system and a real Indian distribution system.     

级联型超导储能系统的整体协调控制方法

提出了级联型超导储能系统的整体协调控制方法,当系统未产生电压凹陷时,级联型逆变器通过相位控制实现对超导磁体的充电和电流维持;当系统产生电压凹陷时,通过状态空间反馈的方法迅速实现完全补偿,以保护电压敏感的负载;当凹陷解除时,又通过相角的渐变从电网吸收能量,以补偿超导磁体中能量的消耗。同时,在电流调节器的控制中,采用统一PI电压控制模式以保持级联逆变器直流母线电压的稳定。系统仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法控制电压凹陷的效果较好。     

基于超导储能的新型动态电压凹陷调节装置

电能质量对用户的影响受到广泛的重视,本文对比了分析了几种解决经常出现的电压凹陷装置的特点,包括传统的基于蓄电池的不间断电源(UPS)、飞轮储能装置(Flywheel)、超导储能设备(SMES)、动态电压补偿装置(DVR)。并基于超导储能提出了综合电压动态补偿设备,可以略综合解决电能质量问题,并可作为限流器使用。给出了拓扑图,详细分析工作原理并进行了仿真和初步的试验。通过分析,表明系统可以通过不同的控制策略分别实现限流和补偿。     

电力系统中电压暂降的检测方法

在介绍电压暂降基本概念、原因及危害的基础上,详细分析了电压暂降的主要检测方法和特点,提出不同场合应选取不同方法。其中,基于无功功率理论的d q0变换方法在目前动态电压恢复器装置中比较常用;新的单相d-q坐标变换检测方法实时性不够好;改进的电压暂降检测方法在对暂降幅值和相位跳变进行检测时扰动很小,实时性高。最后提出采用DVR装置补偿。