Inducing sustained oscillations in feedback-linearizable single-input nonlinear systems

The present paper concerns the induction of stable sustained oscillation in feedback-linearizable single-input affine nonlinear dynamical systems via continuous-time state feedback control. The proposed application-oriented control approach is based on the conception of a state feedback controller that ensures the tracking of a limit cycle characterized in terms of the feedback-linearized system. Boundedness and convergence of the closed-loop trajectories are established following the Lyapunov theoretical framework and applying LaSalle׳s stability principle. The proposed approach is demonstrated with computer-simulated control experiments, showing that it ensures the convergence of the state trajectories of the controlled system to a designed limit cycle and that the methodology can, in principle, be applied to any single input feedback linearizable system.     

Analysis of spontaneous electrochemical oscillations by energy distribution technique

Analysis of non-stationary electrochemical oscillations emerges utilization of the techniques allowing an observation of time evolution of their parameters such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude or frequency band. An algorithm of extraction of these parameters can be based on one of linear or quadratic time-frequency representations of oscillations record. In this paper, the authors present representatives of such transformations (Choi-Williams and Cone-shaped) originating from one of the most popular joint time-frequency energy distribution—Wigner-Ville distribution. Short introduction to the mathematics of the topic discussed is provided, then the authors present an example of application in the analysis of current oscillations of copper dissolution process.     

Theoretical analysis of heat transfer in laminar pulsating flow

Pulsation effect on heat transfer in laminar incompressible flow, which led to contradictory results in previous studies, is theoretically investigated in this work starting from basic principles in an attempt to eliminate existing confusion at various levels. First, the analytical solution of the fully developed thermal and hydraulic profiles under constant wall heat flux is obtained. It eliminates the confusion resulting from a previously published erroneous solution. The physical implications of the solution are discussed. Also, a new time average heat transfer coefficient for pulsating flow is carefully defined such as to produce results that are both useful from the engineering point of view, and compliant with the energy balance. This rationally derived average is compared with intuitive averages used in the literature. New results are numerically obtained for the thermally developing region with a fully developed velocity profile. Different types of thermal boundary conditions are considered, including the effect of wall thermal inertia. The effects of Reynold and Prandtl numbers, as well as pulsation amplitude and frequency on heat transfer are investigated. The mechanism by which pulsation affects the developing region, by creating damped oscillations along the tube length of the time average Nusselt number, is explained.     

Critical heat flux on a flat plate heater located at the middle of a duct in forced flow of pressurized He II

Critical heat fluxes (CHFs) were measured for two types of rectangular ducts containing horizontal flat plate heaters. One has the flat plate heater of 6 mm wide and 20 mm long located on the inner lower wall at 50 mm from the inlet. The other duct has two horizontal flat plates of 6 mm wide and 20 mm long on inner upper and lower walls at 50 mm from the inlet. The equation of CHF for the forced convection containing a new nondimensional-parameter m introduced in order to calculate cross-sectionally averaged liquid temperature at the center of the duct was derived based on two fluid model, ordinary convection theorem and experimental results. It was confirmed that this correlation can describe not only the author's data on the duct but also other worker's data for channels with different shapes and sizes.     

垂直腔激光器中弛豫振荡频率的优化控制

从垂直腔面发射的半导体激光器（VCSELs）的结构出发，利用增益与载流子密度的广义对数关系，借助小信号分析法，推出了直接调制情形下驰豫振荡频率的严格解析关系。分析指出，量子阱器件的光子寿命并非越短越好，欲提高VCSELs的驰豫振荡频率，除了增加注入电流，提高微分增益等基本途径外，控制器件的结构参数可使驰豫振荡频率达到极大值。同时，自发辐射因子的可控性，以及降低稳态载流子密度，也都是提高VCSELs驰豫振荡频率和拓宽调制带宽的有效措施。     

Dynamical adaptive synchronization

The notions of dynamical synchronization and adaptive dynamical synchronization problems are introduced. The algorithm solving adaptive synchronization problem for a subclass of Lurie systems with exciting input is proposed. The performance and potentialities of proposed solutions are demonstrated by two examples related to formation control and self‐organization of swarm systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

窄禁带N型掺杂HgCdTe中自由载流子的奇特性质

研究已表明掺杂HgCdTe中不存在对于自由载流子等离子体振荡的朗道阻尼,本文进一步研究了HgCdTe掺杂及随之产生的简并对自由载流子能量色散关系的影响,并将这种影响计入自由载流子的介电函数后,从理论上证明了掺杂窄禁带半导体中不存在朗道阻尼的现象是由于自由载流子能量色散关系变化引起其运动行为变化所致。     

Convective cooling of supercritical carbon dioxide inside tubes: heat transfer analysis through neural networks

In a previous work, convective heating of carbon dioxide was studied with neural networks (NN), obtaining a totally heuristical heat transfer equation from the direct regression of experimental data. In the present work, the analysis focuses on the cooling process, which has a technical relevance in various applications, as for example in transcritical refrigeration cycles. Heat transfer around the critical zone presents a marked enhancement, that follows the peaks in thermophysical properties like thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Similarly, other properties like density and enthalpy, present a strong variation in narrow temperature intervals around the critical point.This constitutes then a highly non-linear phenomenon, for which it is advisable to use a very flexible function approximator like the NNs. NN models were applied both in terms of dimensionless numbers and of physical quantities, obtaining the two corresponding NN architectures. The choice of the optimal number of neurons in the NN hidden layer is discussed. The NN models are then compared with a recent correlation from literature, for which the validation results present an AAD of 27% and a bias of −26% with an evident prediction shifting. On the other hand the NN models in terms of dimensionless numbers and of physical quantities have AAD and bias of 14% and −4%, and of 7% and −2%, respectively, showing a largely better performance.     

Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.     

Isothermal oscillations in the catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide over Cu-ZSM-5

The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was studied on a copper-exchanged ZSM-5 catalyst in the temperature range 648–723 K. Using a mixture of 1000 ppm N₂O in nitrogen, isothermal oscillations both in nitrous oxide and oxygen concentrations occurred, accompanied by formation of small amounts of NO. While the addition of excess oxygen did not significantly change frequency and amplitude of the oscillations, even the presence of small amounts of NO immediately quenched the oscillations. The reacting system then remained in the ignited state at high nitrous oxide conversions.