The corrosion of mild and stainless steel in alkaline anaerobic conditions representing the Belgian “supercontainer” concept and the Swiss L/ILW repository

Deep geological repositories for radioactive waste contain metallic materials, either used to construct disposal canisters or as low-/intermediate-level waste (L/ILW). The safety relevance of corrosion is linked to canister lifetime in the former case and gas generation in the latter. More specifically, the Belgian “supercontainer” concept envisages mild steel for the used fuel disposal canister, and in the case of the Swiss L/ILW repository, mild steels are the largest metallic waste component due to the decommissioning of civilian power-generating facilities. For these circumstances, the corrosion environment is dominated by the chemistry of cement, which is used as buffer or backfill material. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel in anoxic environments was studied through the analysis of the hydrogen end-product. Hydrogen analysis was conducted by periodically purging the cell head-space and analysing the gas using a solid-state hydrogen sensor. While this method is limited to providing only uniform corrosion rates averaged over periods of time, ranging from weeks to months, it provides excellent resolution and sensitivity. The test cell environments were matched against the anticipated Belgian high-level waste and Swiss L/ILW repository environments, and also against experiments that have been conducted by other researchers for comparative purposes. Samples were exposed to synthetic cement pore waters, representing fresh and degraded cement. In young cement waters, the formation of initial corrosion products resulted in steel wire corrosion rates of the order of µm/year, which, at 80°C rapidly declined to ∼10 nm/year. In contrast, SA516 grade 70 steel plate corroded much more slowly under similar conditions. In aged cement waters, initial corrosion rates were higher but declined faster towards a longer-term rate of ∼10 nm/year. 316L stainless steel, embedded in cementitious material, corroded at a rate of <1 nm/year at 50°C.     

电源通路管理器集成电路提供高压保护

描述电源通路管理器ICs的特点和应用.     

基于LTC6803串联锂电池组电压检测及均衡系统

针对串联锂电池组管理系统对单体电池电压采集的实时性和精确性的要求,运用凌力尔特公司推出的电池监测专用芯片LTC6803-3,配合STM32系列单片机采用级联的方式实现对大量串联电池组的电压检测,实验验证数据准确.针对串联电池组的不一致性问题,详细分析了现行典型的均衡电路,并运用LTC6803-3设计了一套新型均衡系统,实验验证均衡效果明显.     

配备冗余电源的以太网供电集线器设计与实现

文章着重论述了配备冗余电源的以太网供电集线器的总体设计方法,采用TC3097-8通信芯片和LTC4357电源管理芯片开发了具有冗余电源的以太网供电集线器。测试表明,开发的集线器各项性能稳定可靠。     

基于LTC3803及LT4430的隔离反激式开关电源设计

本文介绍了一种以LTC3803电流型脉宽调制器进行控制,以IJT4430次级光耦驱动器进行反馈,输入输出电气隔离的开关稳压电源。根据LTC3803和LT4430的特性给出了详细的电路参数设计,并对电源电路进行了器件级的仿真测试和分析。测试结果表明,该电源结构简单,可靠性高。     

基于高速缓存负荷均衡的动态二进制翻译研究

针对动态翻译时指令和数据高速缓存访问负荷大幅增加且增幅不均衡导致翻译器性能下降的问题,提出基于指令高速缓存与数据高速缓存访问负荷动态均衡的软硬件协同翻译方法.该方法为处理器设计高速缓存负荷平衡状态,该状态将数据高速缓存分为普通区和负荷平衡区(load balancing area, LBA),普通区缓存正常的程序数据,负荷平衡区通过负荷转化通道(load transforming channel, LTC)吸收动态翻译器调度器地址空间转换操作在指令高速缓存上产生的部分负荷,以提高数据高速缓存利用率.EEMBC(embedded microprocessor benchmark consortium)测试基准实验结果表明,在同等处理器资源的情况下,该方法将指令高速缓存访问次数平均减少35%,数据高速缓存访问次数平均减少58%,动态翻译器综合性能提高171%.     

基于FPGA的柴油机瞬时转速采集与诊断系统的设计

设计了一种基于FPGA（Field-Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）的柴油机瞬时转速的高精度数据采集与诊断系统,利用美国凌特公司的LTC1606的16位高精度、200kHz采样率的AD进行采样,然后传给FPGA内部的FIFO存储区和SRAM存储,然后通过PC104接口将数据上传进行计算分析。此系统专门应用于柴油机的瞬时转速信号采集,要求采集高精度、大容量数据和准确性。设计中使用Altera公司的FPGA EP1C6Q240,语言是Verilog HDL,编译软件是Quartus5.0。此文中介绍了应用于柴油机领域的高精度数据采集与诊断系统的设计原理和硬件结构特性等,同时此采集与诊断系统在柴油机上利用瞬时转速进行检测也有实际的应用。     

Various strategies for reducing Nox emissions of biodiesel fuel used in conventional diesel engines: A review

Energy demand, decreasing fossil fuel reserves, and health-related issues about pollutants have led researchers to search for renewable alternative fuels to either partially or fully replace fossil fuels. Among many alternative fuels, biodiesel became one of the most popular choices due to similar properties to that of conventional diesel. Biodiesel produces slightly lower brake thermal efficiency compared to that of conventional biodiesel, but has an advantage of reduced emissions of CO₂, CO, HC, and smoke. However, biodiesel shows higher NOx emission which, when used in increased biodiesel market, may become a serious problem. Various strategies were attempted by different researcher to reduce NOx emissions. In this paper, various strategies, adapted for reducing NOx emissions of biodiesel fuel used in diesel engines for automobile applications, are reviewed and discussed. The strategies are grouped into three major groups, namely combustion treatments, exhaust after-treatments, and fuel treatments. Among various strategies discussed, fuel treatments, such as low temperature combustion, mixing fuel additives and reformulating fuel composition, reduce NOx emission without compromising other emission and performance characteristics and they seem to be promising for future biodiesel fuel.     

Assessing the performance of long-term care information systems and the continued use intention of users

The needs of long-term care (LTC) have increased substantially worldwide. In particular, Taiwanese society has experienced an increasing aging population because of the sharp decline in the birth rate and advanced medical technology. Some LTC facilities have introduced information technologies to satisfy the substantial demand. Compared with the high level of informatization observed at Taiwanese hospitals, LTC facilities still exhibit low informatization levels despite belonging to the same industry. Therefore, this study evaluated the system use performance and continued use intentions of the long-term care information system (LTCIS) by applying the well-known theories of the task-technology fit, system satisfaction, and postacceptance continuance models used in information systems area. The results showed that users’ assessment of whether the LTCIS fulfilled their work and task needs primarily depended on the system quality, locatability of data, timeliness, ease of use, and system-user relationship. These factors also exerted a crucial influence on system use performance and user satisfaction. Moreover, the system use performance and user satisfaction further affected intentions of continued use.     

PCI总线的热插拔技术及实现

具有热插拔PCI槽现已成为许多需要长时间不间断工作和能够在线维修的计算机系统的必备功能。文中介绍了热插拔的基本技术问题,给出了利用Linear Technology公司的热插拔电源控制芯片LTC1421来实现PCI总线热插拔的具体电路以及工作过程。