Control of reactive distillation production of high-purity isopropanol

The process characteristics and control strategy of a high-purity IPA reactive distillation column were investigated. A robust nominal operation was found by maintaining an excess of propylene feed to the column and recycling the unreacted propylene to the feed instead of the top stage. Stage temperature and propylene composition with one-to-one relationship with reboiler duty and propylene feed are selected as controlled variables for maintaining bottom purity and feed ratio in the presence of possible measurement bias respectively. High nonlinearity between selected input–output pair was reduced by using variable transformation. Dynamic simulations demonstrated that such a control scheme with nonlinear transformed variable was capable of providing much superior control performance than the one using natural variable.     

Introduction of a nonlinearity measure for principal component models

Although principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in standard multivariate data analysis, little interest has been devoted to assessing whether the underlying relationship within a given variable set can be described by a linear PCA model or whether nonlinear PCA must be utilized. This paper addresses this deficiency by introducing a nonlinearity measure for principal component models. The measure is based on the following two principles: (i) the range of recorded process operation is divided into smaller regions; and (ii) accuracy bounds are determined for the sum of the discarded eigenvalues. If this sum is within the accuracy bounds for each region, the process is assumed to be linear and vice versa. This procedure is automated through the use of cross-validation. Finally, the paper shows the utility of the new nonlinearity measure using two simulation studies and with data from an industrial melter process.     

智能压力传感器

讨论了压阻式智能传感器的设计,并以80C31单片机为核心构成了一个能检测压力、温度的智能传感器,它能实现量程的自动变换、故障的自诊断及数据的处理,通过软件实现了对半导体传感器的零点修正、非线性修正及温度补偿。实验表明,传感器的智能化改善了传感器的性能。     

Nonlinear coupled problems in dynamics of shells

The coupled system of three partial differential equations governing a flexible shallow shell dynamics is analysed. No any prior assumptions about the temperature distribution through the shell thickness are applied. The efficiency of the method used here when applied to the solution of integral-differential equations with different dimensions (three-dimensional equations related to the Kirchhoff-Love model) and of different type (heat transfer equations and the hyperbolic equations of shell theory) is demonstrated. Many computational results are reported and discussed.     

基于切换模型的无人直升机偏航通道系统辨识方法?

针对直升机偏航通道中舵机控制量的饱和非线性问题,提出基于切换模型的无人直升机偏航通道系统辨识方法。首先分析无人机偏航通道的特征,建立包含饱和单元的切换模型。其次通过扫频实验采集辨识所需的数据,并在频域下采用遗传算法辨识得到切换模型的所有参数。再根据实验数据分析辨识模型的残差序列,得到系统的残差模型,并利用该残差模型修正辨识得到的无人机偏航通道模型,进一步提高模型的准确度。最后通过实验数据分析文中模型的准确性,并利用该模型设计无人机飞行控制器。实验结果也证明模型的有效性。     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的被动多传感器融合跟踪

针对被动传感器观测的非线性问题,将无迹变换引入卡尔曼滤波算法中.进一步,针对其弱可观测性,采用多个被动传感器集中式融合跟踪策略,提出了基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的被动多传感器融合跟踪算法.以3个被动站跟踪为例进行仿真研究,结果表明所提出的算法可达到比经典的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法更高阶的跟踪精度.     

趋于理想的全波整流电路

本文分析了整流电路的非线性问题,设计了改进型精密全波整流电路。该电路采取以恒流源为整流负载等有关措施,使整流二极管的正向导通压降为一常数。分析和实验均表明,该电路的非线性误差趋近于零,消除了二极管“死区”的影响,并有较好的温度稳定性。     

压电发电悬臂梁的非线性动力学建模及响应分析

以单晶悬臂梁压电发电装置为研究对象,在考虑压电材料非线性的情况下,利用广义Hamilton原理、Rayleigh-Ritz法、Euler-Bernoulli梁理论及压电元件恒定电场假设建立了悬臂梁压电发电装置的分布式机电耦合模型,通过数值计算分析谐振频率附近解的特性与系统参数及初始条件的关系,揭示了压电材料非线性、外激励参数对系统响应的影响规律,并通过实验验证了解析解的正确性.结果表明,压电材料的非线性特性会导致近似解的共振峰向左偏移,呈现软特性的非线性特征;当激励频率变化时,系统响应存在多解、跳跃等现象,主共振解的真正实现与初始条件的选取有关.     

元胞自动机仿真技术

元胞自动机仿真技术（CAST）开创了探索复杂性的新途径,在材料、生物、物理等领域有广泛的应用前景,是发达国家激烈竞争的重大前沿学科领域．本文综述了CAST的产生与发展过程,概括了仿真模型的构成要素,评述了CAST的典型应用实例,着重指出了CAST是对材料进行原子级微观辅助设计的强有力工具．最后,探讨了CAST的特点：它抓住了简单性与复杂性这一对主要矛盾,从而触及并体现了其它有关矛盾,诸如局部与整体,宏观与微观,线性与非线性,决定性与随机性,数学模型与物理实质．