Fluid dynamic gauging of microfiltration membranes fouled with sugar beet molasses

Fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) was used to track the thickness of the cake layer formed during the microfiltration of a 45° Brix molasses solution using a 1.5 μm polysulphone membrane. A simultaneous measure of flux and deposit thickness throughout the full membrane operating cycle is reported. Asymptotic fouling thicknesses of ca. 100 μm are developed after 30 min of filtration. Accordingly, flux declines are severe at ca. 93%. Permeate line closed (PLC) operation leads to the complete removal of the deposit layer, and the recovery of 60% of the flux. However, permeate line open (PLO) operation leads to only a 50% flux recovery and an asymptotic deposit thickness of 10 μm. An initial increase and subsequent reduction in flux during chemical cleaning has also been recorded for both acid and alkali cleaning regimes. Effective cleaning regimes for membranes fouled by molasses require an alkali stage followed by an acid stage.     

A low power Ku phase locked oscillator in low cost 130 nm CMOS technology

This paper reports on a Ku low-power integer-N phase locked oscillator designed to investigate the potentialities of a low-cost 130 nm CMOS technology for video broadcasting and radiometry applications. The design and the characterization of the prototype are described and the main performances are reported and compared to literature. The PLO generates an output tone in the 14.2 GHz–15.1 GHz frequency range. The phase noise is −68.9 dBc/Hz for an offset frequency of 100 kHz from a 15 GHz carrier, and can be enhanced of about 20 dB. The circuit core sinks 23.7 mA from 1.2 V supply.     

Vesicular Lipidic Systems,Liposomes, PLO,and Liposomes–PLO: Characterization by Electronic Transmission Microscopy

Situations exist in which rapid administration of treatment, as well as maintenance of efficient concentrations for the longest possible time, turns out to be essential. In view of the previous treatment, the elaboration of liposomes, PLO (pluronic lecithin organogel), and the mixture of both is described, as well as their characterizations by electronic transmission microscopy, with the aim of finding out precisely the type of structure for both controlled release systems, its composition, size, homogeneity, and integrity. The period of study has been 90 days. Multilaminar and unilaminar vesicles smaller than 1 μm in diameter were seen in the liposomes, PLO, and liposomes–PLO formulations on transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation. The technique of characterization reveals the progressive aggregation of the liposomas along the period of study. However, all the vesicles of PLO maintain a defined structure and only a light aggregation 60 days after the elaboration. Changes of morphology and aggregation of liposomas decreased after the incorporation of cholesterol (CH) to the liposomal matrix. The best results were obtained with the formulas liposomes–PLO, which maintain their individuality and integrity during the whole period of study. The combined formulation of liposomas and PLO showed an increase of stability of both lipid systems.     

eView MT5000触摸屏和Kinco PLC在波峰焊机上的应用

结合eView MT5000高性能触摸屏和Kinco K3 PLC,浅谈在其波峰焊机上的成功应用。