Excel二次开发在模拟水氡观测中的应用

尝试对Excel工作表进行二次开发,将其应用到台站模拟水氡观测工作当中,可以自动计算出模拟水氡观测的标定、季检结果,需要作图的还可以自动作图,杜绝了人工计算产生的不必要误差,减轻了劳动强度,实现了观测资料的数字化存档,对台站模拟水氡观测日常工作具有很大帮助。经吉林省地震局多个台站使用,Excel工作表自动计算结果与人工计算结果两者完全相符,效果良好。     

基于虚拟仪器的汽车变速器计算机测控系统的设计

本文介绍了汽车自动变速器检测实验台的测控系统硬件组成,并采用Labview开发出测控系统的软件。可对汽车自动变速器综合性能与液压控制阀体进行测试操作和性能分析,实现检测对象测控的自动化。     

B 炸药中绝热剪切带形成机理的细观研究

通过对快速加载后Ｃｏｍｐ．药柱剖面的扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察分析，对Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ炸药在快速加载下剪切带形成机理的微观机制有了初步的认识。文中采用形变试样的剖面观察分析方法，针对固体药柱这种比较软的材料，如何进行磨样、抛光、浸蚀，作了一些尝试和探索，总结出一套有效的实施办法。对不同加载速率条件下受压缩的药柱中细观组织进行了观察、分析、比较，首次给出国产Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ炸药装药的原始细观组织形貌，以及快速加载后药柱中细观组织形貌。经过分析，得到冲击载荷下炸药装药中绝热剪切带形成、发展的定性认识，为分析Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ炸药装药受冲击载荷时热点形成机理提供了一些有益的实验依据。     

I3WSN: Industrial Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks for indoor environments

Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) technologies have been successfully applied to a great variety of outdoor scenarios but, in practical terms, little effort has been applied for indoor environments, and even less in the field of industrial applications. This article presents an intelligent SWE application for an indoor and industrial scenario, with the aim of improving and increasing the levels of human safety. The base low-level architecture is built on top of wireless sensor networks (WSN) connected to a Sensor Observation Service (SOS). Higher layers in the architecture include services that make real time decisions based on the collected data. Both simulation and experimental results are presented. The paper shows the viability of our approach in terms of performance, scalability, modularity and safety.     

牡丹江长江屯站2009年1月冰坝特征及其成因分析

对牡丹江长江屯站2009年1月5~7日形成的冰坝的概况、河道特性、冰坝特征及成因进行分析,以期为冰坝预测及凌汛分析等相关研究提供参考。     

观测几何对目标探测性能影响的仿真分析

在光电武器作战探测目标性能问题的研究中,不同大气/气溶胶模式、不同观测几何条件下的光电武器作战效能差异显著.针对上述问题,通过分析大气传输和观测几何对视在对比度的影响,建立了视在对比度传递模型,结合TIP准则提出了观测几何对目标探测性能的影响模型.利用Modtran软件离线计算的基础数据,提出了探测性能模型快速仿真计算方法,实现了典型地区、全天时、不同观测几何和观测距离条件下的成像系统探测性能的快速仿真计算.采用快速仿真计算方法,选取典型参数,计算并分析了不同大气/气溶胶模式、观测几何等因素对视在对比度、探测概率和探测距离等指标的影响.结果表明:观测几何对目标探测性能影响显著,50％探测概率条件下,顺光探测距离是逆光探测距离的1.38 ～1.7倍;不同大气/气溶胶模式条件下,观测几何对探测距离影响差异明显,海洋性气溶胶模式下影响较大,乡村型气溶胶模式下影响较小.文中提出了观测几何对目标探测性能的影响模型和快速仿真计算方法,为光电武器系统任务规划和作战效能评估提供了理论和技术支持.     

观测误差协方差估计下的集合鲁棒滤波数据同化方法

在数据同化方法中,观测误差协方差矩阵是相关的,且与时间和状态有一定的依赖性。针对这种相关特性,将鲁棒滤波方法与观测误差协方差估计方法相结合,得到随状态时间变化的观测误差协方差,提出一种带有观测误差估计的鲁棒数据同化新方法,更新观测误差协方差,改善估计效果。从分析误差协方差,转移矩阵特征值放大等角度优化同化方法。利用非线性Lorenz-96混沌系统,对三种不同优化角度下带有观测误差估计的鲁棒滤波和原鲁棒滤波方法的鲁棒性和同化精度进行评估,并比较分析了两种方法在模型误差、观测数目和性能水平系数变化时的性能。结果表明：观测误差估计技术能够提高状态估计的精确性,带有观测误差估计的鲁棒滤波对系统参数变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于多源卫星遥感的灾害性气象观测数据监测系统设计

灾害性气象的频发不仅给人们的生活带来了极大的影响,而且还危及生态环境的稳定。为减小实测气象数据与真实数据样本之间误差,实现对灾害性气象观测数据的准确监测,设计基于多源卫星遥感的灾害性气象观测数据监测系统。设置温湿度传感器及防辐射罩,按照数据信息传输网络布局形式,将风速风向传感器、雨量传感器、太阳能控制器接入既定模块单元之中,完成监测系统的硬件设计。利用多源卫星遥感技术,定义多源影像空间,通过分解数字卫星图像的方式,确定监测极值点所处位置,并计算相似性度量指标的具体数值,完成基于多源卫星遥感的灾害性气象图像配准处理。根据上位机组网模型,完善WINSOCK控件的连接形式,实现监测系统的执行程序编制,联合相关传感器元件,完成基于多源卫星遥感的灾害性气象观测数据监测系统设计。实验结果表明,多源卫星遥感技术设计系统的湿度测量曲线、气压测量曲线、风速测量曲线与真实气象数据样本之间的误差值均未超过2%,能够准确监测灾害性气象观测数据。     

A Copula based observation network design approach

In this paper, a method for environmental observation network design using the framework of spatial modeling with copulas is proposed. The methodology is developed to enlarge or redesign an existing monitoring network by taking the configuration which would increase the expected gain defined in a utility function. The utility function takes the estimation uncertainty, critical threshold value and gain-loss of a certain decision into account. In this approach, the studied spatial variable is considered as a random field in where variations in time is neglected and the variable of interest is static in nature. The uniqueness of this approach lies in the fact that the uncertainty estimation at the unsampled location is based on the full conditional distribution calculated as conditional copula in this study. Unlike the traditional Kriging variance which is a function of mere measurements density and spatial configuration of data points, the conditional copula account for the influence from data values. This is important specially if we are interested in purpose oriented network design (pond) as for example the detection of noncompliance with water quality standards, the detection of higher quantiles in the marginal probability distributions at ungauged locations, the presence or absence of a geophysical variable as soil contaminants, hydrocarbons, golds and so on. An application of the methodology to the groundwater quality parameters in the South-West region of Germany shows its potential.     

A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling

Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major problem in the wood and furniture industry and identification of risk factors is needed urgently. Therefore, exposures to different work tasks and variation in the job were recorded based on an observation survey in combination with an interview among 281 employees working in wood working and painting departments. A questionnaire survey confirmed high frequencies of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system: The one-year prevalence of symptoms from the low back was 42% and symptoms from the neck/shoulder was 40%. The exposure was evaluated based on: (1) classification of work tasks, (2) work cycle time, (3) manual materials handling, (4) working postures, and (5) variation in die job. Among the employees 47% performed feeding or clearing of machines, 35% performed wood working or painting materials, and 18% performed various other operations. Among the employees 20% had no variation in their job while 44% had little variation. Manual materials handling of 375 different burdens was observed, which most often occurred during feeding or clearing of machines. The weight of burdens lifted was 0·5-87·0 kg, where 2% had a weight of more than 50 kg. Among the lifting conditions 30% were evaluated as implying a risk of injury. An additional risk factor was the high total tonnage lifted per day, which was estimated to range from 132 kg to 58 800 kg. Working postures implied a risk of injury due to prolonged forward and lateral flexions of the neck, which was seen most frequently during wood working or painting materials. These data substantiate the finding that work tasks mainly during feeding or clearing of machines imply a risk of injury to the low back and a risk of injury to the neck and shoulder area mainly during wood working or painting materials. Optimal strategies for job redesign may be worked out by using these data in order to prevent occupational musculoskeletal disorders.