Systematic modeling and model handling for manpower planning systems

The primary purpose of this paper is to show an efficient way of handling models and model data in a decision support system, in which it is usual to consider several variants of a model. The model data primarily consist of model-defining data, but the same approach may be used for the generated results as well. By efficient handling is meant the handling by the computer as well as by the user. For the user it is particularly important that new models can be conveniently defined as variants of existing models. The approach is introduced within the context of a decision support system for manpower planning based on Markov models. In the mean time the same approach has been used for the implementation of other decision support systems and has been found to be more generally applicable.     

Retaining and attracting users in social networking services: An empirical investigation of cyber migration

Users are the most critical strategic resource of any online social networking service (SNS). This paper offers strategic recommendations for SNS providers based on an empirical study exploring why users switch from a primary SNS to others. We first identify important characteristics that combine to distinguish SNSs from conventional information systems, then develop a “cyber migration” research model that includes push, pull and mooring factors which influence user intention to switch from one SNS to another. Findings from a field survey of 180 users reveal four significant factors that promote switching: dissatisfaction with socialization support, dissatisfaction with entertainment value, continuity cost, and peer influence. Strategies grounded in these factors are suggested for SNS providers to better attract and retain users.     

Muscular capabilities and workload of flight attendants for pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft

Increasingly in the recent years, passengers’ services are extended into the ascent and descent flight phases on short distance flights. Trolleys containing the required meal and beverage items are used for these service operations and pushed or pulled along the aisles of the aircraft. Flight attendants reported about increased musculo-skeletal disorders and had been complaining about high physical workload from handling trolleys. In order to ensure acceptable load levels for pushing or pulling operations of trolleys, the physical capabilities of the collective “flight attendants” had been investigated by means of force measurements at maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) level and associated relevant anthropometrical and biometrical data. CEN and ISO standards as well as international and national German methods were used to derive recommended force limits for pushing/pulling operations with respect to the physical capabilities of the target group “flight attendants”. Comparing these recommended limits with the force requirements per shift under various conditions of trolley handlings (inclination of the floor, type and weight of trolley, mode of handling, frequency of operation) showed that especially for higher floor inclinations and trolley weights, flight attendants work (substantially) above recommended limits. It became also apparent that the handling of half-size trolleys is unexpectedly high demanding due to high vertical force components, caused by the unfavorable location of their center of gravity.

Relevance to industry

On short-distance flights, passengers’ services are performed by means of trolleys from the ascent to the descent flight phases. Flight attendants had been complaining about high physical workload. This study offers recommendations on maximum force limits for the handling of trolleys with respect to the muscular capacities and work situations of flight attendants on short-distance flights.     

Physical workload of flight attendants when pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft

The musculoskeletal loads from moving trolleys aboard aircraft were assessed by observation of trolley handling on planes and by physical workload analyses of pushing and pulling of trolleys in a laboratory set up. Trolley handling by a total of 15 female flight attendants was observed on 10 short- and medium-distance flights in different types of aircraft. About 25 selected flight attendants (22 females; 3 males) of five German airlines took part in the laboratory study, which comprised three-dimensional (3D) measurements of posture and hand forces during pushing and pulling of trolleys in a variety of configurations. From the on-flight observations performed, between 150 and 250 trolley movements can be projected for a work shift. The greatest physical workload is to be expected at the beginning of service: The trolleys are fully laden then, and the cabin floor can still be inclined up to 8°, as the aircraft is still climbing, particularly on short-distance flights. The laboratory investigation revealed that the musculoskeletal workload from pushing and pulling depends essentially on the trolley load and on the gradient of the cabin floor. In addition, the degree of stressing depends significantly on the trolley type, mode of handling and personal dexterity. The up/down force component perpendicular to the direction of motion often achieved considerable amplitudes-in some cases equal to or exceeding the force in the direction of movement. The posture analysis demonstrated that pulling forced the flight attendants to adopt ergonomically unfavourable postures such as pronounced flexion of the back, particularly among female subjects. The highest values for flexion of the back occurred while pulling the half-size trolley. The results demonstrate that female flight attendants are likely to overload themselves if they frequently have to move heavily laden trolleys unaided on an inclined cabin floor.

Relevance to industry

On short distance flights, flight attendants have been complaining increasingly of high physical workload from manoeuvring trolleys. On the basis of the presented data airline companies may improve the trolley handling skills of their flight attendances by practical trainings and may ergonomically optimize the general service procedures aboard aircrafts.     

PowerBuilder用户对象在开发分布式应用程序中的应用

论述了PowerBuilder分布式应用程序的原理,并着重介绍了用户对象在开发PowerBuilder分布式应用程序中的应用。     

Push技术在基于Web的网络管理中的应用

Push技术作为第三代浏览器的核心技术，是一种客户机/服务器之间的通信方式，它采用了公布/订阅/行结构，因而对其应用非常广泛。基于Web的网络管理系统采纳Push技术后，与传统的请求／响应模式相比，效率高，时延低，并且可以节省带宽和CPU时间。而且，对于告警信息的及时上报有重要意义。文中提出了基于Web的TMN管理实例，并在此基础上探讨了应用Push技术实现告警功能的方法。     

Thumb push forces exertable by free-standing subjects

This study assessed the maximum pushing force that could be exerted by freestanding subjects, using thumbs only, on a small surface located in one of three horizontal positions at nine heights ranging from 13·5 to 169·9 cm above the floor. Each of 102 subjects made nine force exertion trials. Data are given on the cumulative percentages of subjects who could exert various forces at each of the 27 locations. An analysis of variance showed a highly significant effect due to location of the surface and highly significant interactions of location of the surface and trial presentation direction (top-down or bottom-up); of location of the surface and trial presentation pattern; and of location of the surface, trial presentation direction and trial presentation pattern. Maximum forces are exerted at about waist height and are increasingly reduced with increasing distances above and below the optimum location. Right-sided access to pushing surfaces is favoured over left-sided access.     

基于android和云平台的智能家居系统设计与实现

为解决智能家居系统大规模数据的存储、管理及移动终端的可靠接入等问题,本文设计了一种基于嵌入式家庭网关、Android和云平台服务的智能家居系统。利用极光云推送服务及时将家庭的异常报警信息推送到手机客户端,系统还提供了视频监控功能,用户随时随地通过手机查看家庭动态。当监测异常时会自动拍照记录异常场景,并上传至yeelink物联网云平台,进行图像云存储。另外通过手机客户端可以查看所选时间范围内的报警图像,随时掌控家庭生活。     

面向Android的工业设备远程监控系统设计

针对当前工业设备远程监控系统便携性上的局限性,利用移动设备随时随地可使用的优势,设计和开发了一种面向Android移动终端的设备远程监控系统,对系统架构、数据通信、数据缓存、消息推送等关键技术进行了研究。根据设备数据的即时性和紧急性对设备数据进行分类,并针对不同数据类型的通信需求,设计了Android客户端与服务器的通信技术方案。为了保证了软件的可靠性与可移植性,基于MVC(Model-View-Controller)思想,集成Java Web技术中的Spring、Spring MVC和Mybatis框架实现了服务器程序,实现了程序清晰的层次划分和各模块的解耦。系统测试结果表明,该系统能在客户端上实现警报推送、信息查询、实时数据查看等功能,并具有良好的可拓展性,系统可灵活架设在现有监控系统中,进一步拓展现有系统的功能。     

Push/Pull和CONWIP/Pull生产控制模式对比分析

针对制造企业如何有效地进行生产控制的问题,对Push/Pull、CONWIP、CONWIP/Pull生产控制模式作了详细介绍,对比分析了Push/Pull、CONWIP/Pull两种混合生产控制,对混合生产控制方法做出了研究展望.