Feasibility study for the installation of HVAC for a spa by means of energy recovery from thermal water—Part II: Energy analysis

The use of a low temperature geothermal spring together with the heat energy still contained in waste water from the different therapy systems installed in a spa (shower, jets, bathrooms, jacuzzis, pools, ventilation processes) can significantly reduce the operating and maintenance costs of the installation. This covers part of the air conditioning needs of the building and of the heating of thermal water to the appropriate temperature for therapeutic use.In the first part of the study, an analysis of the spring's situation was made, calculating the thermal water needs and presenting the consumption according to the operation schedule on different types of day. In this way, the contribution the spring was capable of giving was compared and the evolution of the thermal water in the tanks was studied. In the second part, the climatic conditions that the spa should meet are studied, along with the loads that it should support, the energy reclaimed from the different heat focuses and the repercussions on the final solution.     

酒店厨房、洗衣房和spa用(排)水量分析

简要介绍了厨房、洗衣房、spa的工艺流程,分析了其中的用水点,对其需配置的用水器具数目进行了探讨,用水量和排水量的估算进行了分析。     

Spar平台涡激运动响应分析

针对Spar平台的刚体特性,建立了Spar平台与尾流阵子之间的耦合运动方程,利用该方法首先对一模型平台进行了数值验证,计算得到的锁定区域与实验测得的结果吻合良好。其次对一真实的Spar平台进行了计算,并得到Spar平台和尾流阵子的时间历程曲线。     

Geothermal resources in the shallow, unsaturated zone of the Wiesbaden spa district, Germany

The geothermal energy potential of the Wiesbaden spa district continues to be largely untapped. Although the thermal water is being utilized, any other activity liable to disturb the hydraulic regime of the thermal springs is prohibited. The geothermal potential of the unsaturated zone in the spa district has been mapped, although the zone must be regarded as a thermal insulator rather than a good conductor. The results of the mapping revealed the presence of a number of heat anomalies that could be exploited in the future; further economic benefits could be gained from installing the heat transfer units during road works. The modelling studies considered two possible scenarios: direct heating and heat pump usage. The results indicate that heat pumps are the more efficient option, yielding a thermal capacity of approximately 100 W/m².     

A Field Guide to Radical Post-Modernism

Sean Griffiths, Charles Holland and Sam Jacob of FAT curate and classify the work of a diverse and international grouping of Radical Post-Modern architects. They range from the recently defunct Foreign Office Architects (FOA), known for their proclivity for pattern and ornament, to Tokyo-based Atelier Bow-Wow who are rigorous in their pursuit of the ordinary. They run the gamut of the highly figurative, as exemplified by Melbourne-based practice ARM, to the expressive austerity of Swiss architect Valerio Olgiati. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以市场为导向的温泉旅游区规划设计——以南阳莲花温泉规划设计为例

考察了我国温泉利用及温泉旅游区的发展概况,从温泉旅游及其市场的目的地特征、短程市场特征、季节性特征、客源结构特征等4方面分析了温泉旅游市场对温泉旅游区及其规划设计的影响,并结合南阳莲花温泉案例介绍了其立足市场的规划设计措施。     

That Old Thing Called Flexibility: An Interview with Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown

Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown hold an unrivalled position within architecture. Now written several decades ago, their classic books Learning from Las Vegas and Complexity and Contradiction remain unsurpassed for their ability to shock and overturn current architectural thought. Francesco Proto talks to Venturi and Scott Brown on their present thinking about iconography, transparency, spectacularisation, architectural pornography and the contemporary architectural avant-garde. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temperature evaluation of the Bugok geothermal system, South Korea

Using a variety of chemical geothermometers and statistical analysis, we estimate the temperature of a possible deeper geothermal reservoir at Bugok, Southern Korea. Shallow thermal aquifers (down to about 400 m depth) are under exploitation in this area; the temperatures (up to 78 °C) of the produced fluids are the highest found in South Korea. Based on hydrochemical data and occurrence, the groundwaters at Bugok can be classified under three groups: Na-SO₄ thermal groundwaters (CTGW) occurring in the central (about 0.24 km²) part of the area; Ca-HCO₃ cold groundwater (SCGW) found in shallow peripheral parts of the CTGW; the intermediate-type groundwater (STGW). The CTGW type is typical of the Bugok thermal waters; they have the highest discharge temperatures and contain very high concentrations of Na (75.1–101.0 mg/L), K (2.9–6.9 mg/L) and SiO₂ (62.0–84.5 mg/L) and are rich in sulfates.The major ion composition of the CTGW suggests that these waters are in partial equilibrium with rocks at depth. The application of various alkali-ion geothermometers yields temperature estimates in the 88–198 °C range for the thermal reservoir. Multiple-mineral equilibrium calculations indicate a similar but narrower temperature range (from about 100 to 155 °C). These estimates for CTGW are significantly higher than the measured discharge temperatures. Considering the heat losses occurring during the ascent of the waters, one can infer the presence of a deeper (around 1.8 km) thermal reservoir in the Bugok area that could be developed for district heating or other direct applications of geothermal heat.     

水疗按摩喷头内部两相流流场的数值模拟

为详细了解水疗按摩喷头内的气液两相流流场,对喷头内部流场进行了数值模拟计算,并在数值模拟的基础上。分析喷头内流场的压力、速度、气相分布。找出原结构的不足。结果表明：进水管直角弯头处的压力和速度减小显示了管道方向的突然改变引起局部能量损失;根据数值模拟显示的负压区可指导设计进气管的最佳位置;气相分布显示,原进气管的非对称结构使气液混合不够均匀。将模拟计算结果与实验结果比较,证明数值模拟所用的计算模型是有效的,表明数值模拟可以用于喷头的结构设计指导。并为喷头的结构优化提供便捷的验证手段。     

Simulation of heat extraction from crystalline rocks: The influence of coupled processes on differential reservoir cooling

Processes operating during the extraction of heat from fractured rocks influence dynamically their fluid flow and heat transport characteristics. The incorporation of pressure- and temperature-dependent rock parameters, coupled with geomechanical deformation, is particularly important for predictive modelling of geothermal reservoirs hosted in crystalline rock masses. Changes in flow and transport parameters of fractures caused by variations in local effective stress are computed using an experimentally validated geomechanical model [McDermott, C.I., Kolditz, O., 2006. Geomechanical model for fracture deformation under hydraulic, mechanical and thermal loads. Hydrogeol. J. 14, 487–498]. Local effective stress changes are linked to alterations in reservoir fluid pressures, and to in situ stress conditions, including the build-up of thermal stresses resulting from the cooling of the rock mass. These processes are simulated using a finite-element model in order to study the behaviour of the Spa Urach (southwestern Germany) potential geothermal reservoir. The model couples mechanical deformation and alteration of fracture parameters with pressure-, temperature- and salinity-dependent fluid parameter functions. The effects of potential reservoir damage on reservoir productivity are investigated to help identify optimal heat recovery schemes for the long-term economical exploitation of geothermal systems. Simulation results indicate that preferential fluid flow paths and shortcuts may develop, depending on the mechanical and thermal stress releases that occur during intense exploitation of these systems.