充电方式对超级电容能量效率的影响

超级电容不同于一般的储能电池,由于其自身的优点在储能中占据越来越重要的角色。对超级电容原理、优势以及应用场合做了简要的描述,给出了超级电容在理论计算下电路的等效模型,针对超级电容的充电效率、放电效率和储能效率给出了明确的定义。通过对恒流、恒压和恒功率3种充电方式的分析,得出恒压充电效率低不适合超级电容充电,恒流充电具有快速高效的特点,恒功率充电仅适用于特殊场合。     

Physical Properties of Pyridinium Fluorohydrogenate, [pyridine · H+][H2F3]−

Ionic liquids (ILs), also referred to as molten salts, have found application as electrolytes for batteries and super-capacitors, in electroplating baths, as designer solvents, and as reaction media. A few of the desired properties of a super-capacitor electrolyte are nonflammability, thermal stability, and electrochemical stability. ILs containing aromatic cations have been shown to have low viscosity which results in a high electrochemical conductivity. There is a delicate balance between increasing the thermal stability, or decreasing the melting point, and increasing the electrochemical conductivity of the IL. This study focuses on pyridinium fluorohydrogenate, [pyridine · H⁺][H₂F₃]⁻. Pyridinium fluorohydrogenate has been synthesized by the reaction of pyridine and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. This IL has a relatively high electrical conductivity (~98 mS · cm⁻¹ at 23 °C), a wide electrochemical window, and a boiling point of 186 °C. A stable gel can also be formed by combining [pyridine · H⁺][H₂F₃]⁻ and a super absorbent polymer such as polyacrylic acid. The gel adds mechanical stability to the matrix while not greatly affecting the conductivity of the IL.     

Rare earth (Sm/Eu/Tm) doped ZrO2 driven electro-catalysis,energy storage,and scaffolding in high-performance perovskite solar cells

Current work presents the first report on the modification of zirconia (ZrO₂) by doping it with the lanthanides oxides i.e. [samarium, europium, and thulium] forming a [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO₂ system. Lanthanide doping tailored the structure of host material by causing considerable bandgap energy shrinkage from 4.04 to 3.57 eV and reduction in the crystallite size from 67.92 to 45.23 nm. Profound electro-catalytic potential was reflected analyzed via linear sweep voltammetry showing the excellent of developed catalytic towards H₂ evolution with lower overpotential i.e. 133 mV and Tafel slope of 119.3 mV dec⁻¹. While for O₂ evolution, the electro-catalyst succeeded in gaining overpotential and Tafel slope values of 310 mV and 294.8 mV dec⁻¹, respectively. With such values, this material has surpassed the conventional electro-catalysts and is proved to be an excellent hydrogen producing electro-catalyst. The electrical charge storage potential was analyzed for [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO₂ decorated nickel foam electrode for development into a super-capacitor. This electrode was impressively stable for 10 cycles after 20 days checked through cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, an augmented specific capacitance of 447 F g⁻¹ was achieved by the doped electrode when compared with the pristine one approaching 83.69 F g⁻¹. The electrical energy storage capacity of [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO₂ is even higher than the conventionally used metal oxides. In terms of the interfacial electrode-electrolyte, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was done expressing the excellent ionic diffusion and electrochemically active sites for [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO₂ electrode with minimal resistance. The developed doped system was used a spacer layer in a cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells having planar architecture. The spacer layer containing solar cell device succeeded in gaining a power conversion efficiency of 16.31% and a fill factor of 78% evaluated via photo-current measurements carried out under artificial solar irradiance. The impressively higher fill factor shows the effective passivation and scaffolding by the [Sm/Eu/Tm] co-doped ZrO₂. The associated device was also marked by negligible hysteresis. Chrono-potentiometry and chrono-amperometry expressed commendable accelerated service lives for 100 min inside an electrolyte. The lanthanide co-doped ZrO₂ is an effective material for the utilization in energy systems associated with the electro-catalysis of water, charge storage electrode for super-capacitors, and photovoltaic solar to electrical energy conversion.     

超级电容器直流储能系统的FTU控制技术的实现

超级电容器是近年出现的一种介于电池与电解电容器之间的新型绿色储能元件,具有电容器功率密度高、寿命长、无需维护及充放电迅速等特性。为了推动超级电容器在电力控制系统的应用范围,通过工程实践介绍超级电容器在FTU控制系统中的应用原理和实际效果。     

储能装置故障检测及重组技术的研究

蓄电池组和超级电容器组等储能装置是由大量的单体元件通过串、并联构成的,由于单体元件的性能不一致,为这些储能装置的安全、可靠运行带来了不利的影响。具有故障检测及自动重组功能的储能装置,可以实时对其内部的单体元件进行检测,并在发生故障后,自动利用备用储能单元和重组母线替换掉故障元件,实现重组功能,进而可以有效提高储能装置的整体性能,更好地满足实际需求。     

一种新型回转式电力推进空气动力艇的设计分析

针对湿地旅游、保护和开发的需求,提出了一种采用超级电容和锂电池组复合储能、具有太阳能光伏发电装置辅助供能、以回转式电力推进装置替代传统燃油发动机进行推进的新型空气动力艇的设计方案.分析了其基本结构与原理、关键技术及优势.研究发现:该艇不仅可实现绿色供能,以降低污染排放,而且操纵灵活、机动性强,能更好适应障碍物多、水面情况复杂的湿地环境,具有较高的应用价值和广阔的发展前景.     

城轨车辆车载超级电容储能系统主要参数的选择

为了给城轨车辆车载超级电容储能系统主要参数的选择提供理论依据,本文将建立超级电容储能系统的仿真模型,选择超级电容储能系统的主要参数。然后通过matlab／simulink软件仿真,验证参数选择的合理性。     

介孔碳微球的合成及其应用研究进展

目前,介孔碳微球的合成主要有硬模板和软模板两种方法。硬模板是将碳前驱体通过溶剂挥发填充到已合成的球形介孔材料(硬模板)中,然后热处理掉硬模板得到介孔碳微球;软模板则是以三嵌段共聚物F127做为模板剂,酚醛树脂作为碳源在水热条件下制备出介孔碳微球。介孔碳微球在超级电容、锂离子电池、气体储存、生物医药等领域获得广泛应用,然而在摩擦润滑领域的研究却未见报道。结合本课题组的前期研究提出了其在摩擦领域的研究思路并展望了其应用前景。     

An overview of graphene in energy production and storage applications

Energy production and storage are both critical research domains where increasing demands for the improved performance of energy devices and the requirement for greener energy resources constitute immense research interest. Graphene has incurred intense interest since its freestanding form was isolated in 2004, and with the vast array of unique and highly desirable electrochemical properties it offers, comes the most promising prospects when implementation within areas of energy research is sought. We present a review of the current literature concerning the electrochemical application of graphene in energy storage/generation devices, starting with its use as a super-capacitor through to applications in batteries and fuel cells, depicting graphene's utilisation in this technologically important field.     

Super-capacitor based energy storage system for improved load frequency control

A fuzzy-logic controlled super-capacitor bank (SCB) for improved load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected power system is proposed, in this paper. The super-capacitor bank in each control area is interfaced with the area control bus through a power conversion system (PCS) comprising of a voltage source converter (VSC) and a buck-boost chopper. The fuzzy controller for SCB is designed in such a way that the effects of load disturbances are rejected on a continuous basis. Necessary models are developed and control and implementation aspects are presented in a detailed manner. Time domain simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The performance of the resulting power system under realistic situation is investigated by including the effects of generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band (DB) in the simulation studies.