Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective

With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.     

宁夏宁东供水工程主机设备形式参数选择与国际招标

宁东供水工程供水水泵共有卧式和立式离心泵2种方案可供选择,也是工程论证时争论的焦点,经综合比较及主机设备的国际招标,最终确定了奥地利安德里兹公司的卧式双吸中开式离心泵为宁东供水工程的供水水泵。     

基于承包商预期收益不变的不平衡报价模型

在招标实践中,通常采用最低价中标原则,使得投标人不得不压低其投标价格。基于承包商预期收益不变的不平衡报价模型,是在“工程量清单报价”的条件下,考虑到施工中工程量的变化及施工顺序的影响,体现了资金的时间价值,在保持承包商预期收益不变的前提下,通过调整各分项工程的单价,来降低工程报价,以增加中标机会而建立的。所建立的模型简单,易于操作,并配以具体的工程实例,通过计算机求得其最优解,可供承包商投标报价时参考。     

污水汽提系统的化学除臭清洗

文章简要介绍了化学除臭清洗剂JX-518的组成,并对采用该清洗剂对污水汽提系统进行化学除臭清洗的清洗过程及注意事项进行了详细介绍。实践证明,清洗后系统残液中硫化物及氨氮可降至很低,取得了很好的清洗效果。     

设计阶段的工程造价控制管理

从设计招标和方案竞选、设计方案的优化、标准化设计、限额设计、技术培训等方面分析了设计阶段造价控制和管理的特点，指出只有把控制造价的关键阶段确立在设计阶段，才能实现工期短、节约成本、效益显著的目标。     

CSTN-LCD用铬版清洗效果的改善

利用铬版清洗机对CSTN-LCD用铬版进行清洗处理,分析了清洗过程中出现的铬层脱落现象,铬层脱落与轴向喷射压力和水平切力密切相关,通过调整转速和喷射压力探索了安全使用条件:在转速不超过1000r/min,喷射压力低于0.5×105Pa的情况下使用铬版清洗机进行清洗是相对安全的。同时采用预清洗处理的方法满足清洁要求,使换线时间由平均3h缩短到平均1h以内,年产能提高270000片。     

牛奶加工过程中的清洗(二)

五．牛奶厂的清洗。目前，牛奶厂采用的清洗方式主要是CIP清洗(Cleaning in place)，原地清洗或称定置清洗，即在基本不拆卸或挪动机械装置和管线的情况下对生产过程中能与牛奶发生接触的设备表面进行的清洗。其冲刷、清洗、灭菌的整个过程全部实现了自动化因此大大降低了劳动强度。而有一些不     

燃气脉冲吹灰技术在催化裂化装置余热锅炉上的应用

吉化炼油厂催化裂化装置余热锅炉受热面采用螺旋翅片管结构，积灰严重，在第七0三研究所的积极参与合作下，哈尔滨哈宜电站设备研究研制开发了燃气脉冲吹灰装置系列产品，并应用于吉化炼油厂催化装置余热锅炉。应用结果表明，燃气脉冲吹灰装置每爆燃一个循环，余热锅炉排烟温度降低15－20℃，锅炉蒸汽产量增加1t/h，余热利用率提高3．4个百分点。     

浅析6063铝型材表面“铝丝印”的成因与对策

在介绍“铝丝印”概念的基础上，从金属腐蚀学的观点出发，分析了“铝丝印”形成的电化学腐蚀机理，并提出了具体的解决措施。     

Object-oriented DBMS requirements

The requirements on an object-oriented DBMS for management of information in a large, complex enterprise are presented. These requirements aid in the achievement of an environment characterized by data sharing, open architectures, application and data portability, and assurance of data integrity. They were defined from the point of view of a user of the DBMS; therefore they describe the expected functionality of the DBMS and do not specify the method of implementation to achieve this functionality. They encompass requirements on the data model, query and data manipulation languages, the system architecure, interfaces to the system, change management, and transaction management.