Multiparticulate systems containing 5-aminosalicylic acid for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Background: In recent years, many achievements have been realized in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) although its etiology remains unknown. Thus IBD treatment is symptomatic and targets general inflammatory mechanisms. Oral formulations containing 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have become the standard therapy for mild-to-moderate IBD.

Objective: This article is a review of recently published research dealing with new 5-ASA dosage forms. Thus promising candidates for IBD treatment evaluated in vitro are reported; systems tested in vivo in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats are mentioned; and 5-ASA formulations used in clinical studies are presented. Moreover, all oral dosage forms containing 5-ASA or its prodrugs are reviewed; their characteristics and utilization in IBD treatment are discussed.

Conclusion: In several clinical studies, it has been shown that multiparticulates such as pellets offer more advantages as compared with single unit forms, that is, coated tablets. Prolonged presence close to the site of the action, improved drug bioavailability, and easier administration of large drug doses belong to the benefits of pellets.     

输电系统商业化运营的探讨

在分析了国际上输电系统3种典型的运营模式的基础上,对输电系统商业化运营的定价方式和收费制度进行了探讨,并结合我国实际情况,提出了输电系统收费的确定原则。     

电网电能计费系统及其现状和发展

介绍了电能计费系统产生的必然性、系统结构、特点以及目前发展的现状 ,并提出今后的发展趋势。     

我国会计软件的现状与发展趋势

会计电算化是会计工作的发展方向。会计电算化软件的功能包括会计核算、会计管理、会计决策。目前我国会计核算电算化已基本形成规模,但为了更大程度地提高经济效益,还需要进一步开发会计软件的管理与决策支持功能,实现会计电算网络化。     

MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

This article provides a brief overview of major developments in membrane separation technologies over the last six years until 1995. Progress in membrane separation processes, membrane separation techniques and membranes for given separation problems are of primary interest. The order of importance for membrane separation technologies is: already commercialized, being commercialized and having great potential based on laboratory performance. Separations involving liquid solutions, gaseous mixtures and particle removals have been covered. Notable recent developments in eight commercialized technologies namely, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, dialysis, pervaporation, gas permeation, emulsion liquid membrane are illustrated first. New membrane-based equilibrium separation processes involving gas-liquid and liquid-liquid contacting, distillation and adsorption are then considered. The progress in new membrane-based rate-governed separation processes of vapor permeation and continuous deionization are treated next followed by a number of developing techniques, e.g., perstraction, facilitated transport, osmotic distillation, contained liquid membrane, supported liquid membrane and supported polymeric liquid membrane. Developments in hybrid separation processes where one of the techniques employs membranes are identified. The potential and current reality of membrane reactors is provided at the end.     

浅谈高校后勤工作的责任成本管理

认为实行责任成本管理是提高高校后勤管理绩效的重要途径.阐述了高校后勤社会化改革中建立责任成本管理制度的必要性,提出了建立高校后勤责任成本管理制度应遵循的原则及实行责任成本管理的具体方法.     

中国建筑设计机构发展模式探讨

从社会发展对建筑师和建筑设计公司提出新的要求的角度出发,结合中国整体的建筑市场和在世界建筑行业中的地位,阐述了中国主流建筑设计机构应该朝着公司化、专业化、规模化、职业化方向发展的观点。     

我国新电力体制改革酝酿过程的回顾

参照美英电力体制改革模式,我国从2002年开始进行第二轮新的电力体制改革.世界银行要求的电力体制改革是政企分开、公司化改组、商业化运营、法制化管理,并实行自由化、私有化、放松管制、引入竞争机制.这些与英美的电力改革模式是相同的.中国与世界银行合作研究了电力体制改革,认为在中国的环境条件下,政府所有权和政府管理的改革要进行详细的设计,首先应着重于电力企业的商业化和公司化试点.课题研究组到国外考察后认为,中国电力体制改革的方向应该是政企分开、商业化和公司化,建立和健全法律法规.英国的竞争性电力市场必须有合理的电价形成机制、较大富裕的电网输运能力、健全的电力法规体系等,而中国不具备.中国电力部门深化改革座谈会上有两种意见:一种主张跨越单一购买机制模式(因美国加州采用该模式发生了电力危机);另一种主张把单一购买机制模式作为过渡模式.国务院经济改革办公室主办的中国电力行业监管国际研讨会上,世界银行代表建议中国电力体制改革采取单一购买机制模式.2001年3月出版的《英国新电力交易制度》(中译本)分析了单一购买机制模式存在的问题、缺点和不足,指出英国要用新电力交易制度来代替已经运营了十多年的单一购买机制模式.为此,应认识到中国电力改革的艰巨性,复杂性.     

我国城镇化对商品住房需求的拉动效应研究

为探究城镇化对我国商品住房市场的拉动效应,从3 个方面定性分析了城镇化对房地产市场的影响,采用协整分析方法,建立商品住房需求的拉动效应模型并进行模型检验,考虑到模型内部的短期动态波动,构建了误差修正模型,利用格兰杰因果检验探究了两者的因果关系。通过对1992~2012 年间的城镇化水平与商品住宅需求的实证研究,发现我国城镇化水平对商品住宅需求存在一种长期稳定的拉动效应,即城镇化水平每提高1%,会拉动商品住房长期增长3.22%;城镇化水平是商品住宅需求的格兰杰原因;并且这种均衡关系由短期偏离向长期均衡调整的速度较慢。