Effective lightning protection schemes for distribution line

The causes of lightning outage are subdivided into direct lightning strokes and induced lightning strokes, which are identified by the characteristics of the lightning overvoltage. In the past, lightning protection devices were directed mainly toward the latter, and attention has been focused on the installation of lightning protection devices, ground wires, and reinforcement of insulators. However, lightning outages continue to occur. Thus it is extremely important to clarify the fault characteristics of lightning surges and to study the effectiveness of various lightning protection devices by considering both direct lightning stroke and induced lightning stroke in order to prevent lightning outage in the future. In this research, the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) has been applied to the direct lightning stroke, and the induced lightning outage analysis program for multiple conductor systems has been applied to the induced lightning stroke to study the effectiveness of lightning protection devices provided by combination of various lightning protection devices. The most effective lightning protection schemes are analyzed and evaluated based on verification tests on the full scale models as well as economic considerations.     

Estimating room temperatures from fires along walls and in corners

Determination of temperatures associated with room fires provides a means of assessing an important aspect of fire hazard: the likelihood of the occurrence of flashover. Layer temperatures in excess of 600°C have been associated with the occurrence of flashover. A data correlation has previously been presented to estimate layer temperatures for fires burning in the center of rooms. For fires in corners and along walls, restricted entrainment results in higher layer temperatures than predicted by the previous correlation. Modification factors for the previous correlation are developed to extend its applicability to wall and corner burning geometries. The present analysis suggests that a fire in a corner may cause flashover with only half the heat release rate necessary for a fire burning in the center of a room. Reference: Frederick Mowrer and Robert Williamson, Estimating Room Temperatures from Fires along Walls and in Corners,Fire Technology, Vol. 23, May 1987, pp. 133–145.     

典型工业粉尘地区复合绝缘子污秽成分及其闪络特性

近年来,盐城德隆镍业厂区附近数次发生输电线路外绝缘放电、污闪现象,且采用复合绝缘子后仍不能得到有效抑制,而临近的化工区却没无该情况发生。因此,本文对盐城电网辖区内镍厂、化工厂绝缘子进行污秽取样,开展了污秽化学成分分析测试,包括阴阳离子含量、不溶物元素组成、主要化合物成分等;继而基于成分分析结果,开展了混合污秽下的污闪特性试验,得到了不同污染源典型污秽成分下复合绝缘子的闪络特性。研究结果表明：化工厂和镍厂附近绝缘子污秽成分有一定的差异,体现在镍厂污秽成分含硝酸盐较多,而化工厂附近含氯盐较多;对于一大两小型复合绝缘子,其在镍厂典型污秽下的闪络梯度要比化工厂低5%-10%;对于重工业粉尘地区的外绝缘配置,建议采用一大一小型绝缘子来提高电气强度。     

110kV变压器分级绝缘中性点密封间隙

研制了一种密封间隙,可解决户外110kV变压器中性点保护装置存在放电分散性大、易受大气条件影响等固有缺陷.根据间隙技术要求,进行了触头试验,并选取少油断路器触头作为间隙电极,试验得到88mm的合理间隙值.放电试验结果表明:密封间隙的参数符合间隙技术条件,能与避雷器参数满足配合原则.该装置能够进行远方电动操作和就地电动或手动操作,现场试运行效果良好.     

多通道伪火花放电开关及其半导体表面放电触发器研究

本文设计了典型参数下的同轴式三通道伪火花放电开关及其氧化锌表面放电触发器,进行了空气介质下的放电实验研究,测量了开关的放电曲线,给出了产生伪火花放电的气压范围,计算了开关的放电电流上升陡度,并与相同尺寸下的单通道伪火花开关进行了比较,试验结果表明,采用多通道结构后,开关的长期通流能力由单通道的40kA提高到120kA,电路的电流上升陡度也有很大提高(15%～20%),而电极烧损则大大降低。同时首次采用氧化锌半导体设计了开关的表面放电触发器。实验表明,对耐受电压37kV的伪火花开关,在气压不变的条件下,开关的可触发开关电压可低至440V;在30～2kV的放电电压下,放电电流的时延及其抖动分别为(100～500ns)和(20～50ns)。     

GIS绝缘子在冲击电压下沿面闪络的分析

利用计算和试验两种方法,对在SF_6气体中的绝缘子施加冲击电压下的电场及其引起的沿面闪络原因进行了剖析,指出在冲击电压作用下,增加屏蔽罩是减弱电极结构所引起的电场垂直分量的一条行之有效的途径;沿面闪络主要取决于电场分布的均匀度和绝缘子表面受周围环境导电微粒污染这两个基本因素;电极形状导致的局部场强增大,靠增加绝缘子沿面闪络距离不能明显提高沿面闪络电压。     

上海500kV电网雾闪事故分析

介绍了１９９６年１２月３０～３１日上海电网５００ｋＶ线路发生的４８次雾闪的情况，分析了发生的原因，提出了相应的对策。     

架空线路污闪问题分析

随着社会的进步和经济的迅猛发展,环境污染造成的危害日趋突出。电力架空线路分布广,长期处于露天运行的情况,不可避免地经常会受到周围环境和大自然变化的影响,从而在运行中引发污闪事故,如2001年初北方地区发生的大面积污闪。为防止线路发生污闪事故,保证线路的安全运行。本文就线路污闪的产生机理及应采取的治理措施谈及了自己的观点。     

电力设备防污闪复合纳米RTV涂料的研制

将纳米技术应用于RTV防污闪材料中,研制出RTV纳米复合绝缘材料。试验表明,所研制的SW-I型RTV纳米防污闪材料保持了RTV涂料原有的良好绝缘性、憎水性和憎水迁移性,在抗电老化、大气老化性能、机械强度、自洁性等方面均比普通RTV涂料大大提高,且可以显著提高绝缘子的耐污闪能力,是电力系统防污闪的理想材料。     

复合绝缘子雷击闪络事故的分析及对策

通过对福建某山区110 kV输电线路复合绝缘子的雷击闪络事故进行调研分析,总结复合绝缘子遭雷击闪络的原因主要有:干弧距离太短、均压环单端配置以及接地电阻超标.提出了在山区雷电多发地段使用加长型的合成绝缘子、安装双均压环以及降低杆塔接地电阻的防雷击闪络措施,实践证明该措施对防止复合绝缘子的雷击闪络起到了很好的效果.