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1.
D. M. Suckling R. W. Peck L. M. Manning L. D. Stringer J. Cappadonna A. M. El-Sayed 《Journal of chemical ecology》2008,34(12):1602-1609
Disruption of Argentine ant trail following and reduced ability to forage (measured by bait location success) was achieved
after presentation of an oversupply of trail pheromone, (Z)-9-hexadecenal. Experiments tested single pheromone point sources and dispersion of a formulation in small field plots. Ant
walking behavior was recorded and digitized by using video tracking, before and after presentation of trail pheromone. Ants
showed changes in three parameters within seconds of treatment: (1) Ants on trails normally showed a unimodal frequency distribution
of walking track angles, but this pattern disappeared after presentation of the trail pheromone; (2) ants showed initial high
trail integrity on a range of untreated substrates from painted walls to wooden or concrete floors, but this was significantly
reduced following presentation of a point source of pheromone; (3) the number of ants in the pheromone-treated area increased
over time, as recruitment apparently exceeded departures. To test trail disruption in small outdoor plots, the trail pheromone
was formulated with carnuba wax-coated quartz laboratory sand (1 g quartz sand/0.2 g wax/1 mg pheromone). The pheromone formulation,
with a half-life of 30 h, was applied by rotary spreader at four rates (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 25 mg pheromone/m2) to 1- and 4-m2 plots in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Ant counts at bait cards in treated plots were significantly reduced compared to
controls on the day of treatment, and there was a significant reduction in ant foraging for 2 days. These results show that
trail pheromone disruption of Argentine ants is possible, but a much more durable formulation is needed before nest-level
impacts can be expected.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
2.
S. M. Fitzpatrick D. Miller I. Weatherston J. N. McNeil 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(2):207-215
Levels of benzaldehyde recovered from virginPseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) males were not influenced by (1) the time hairpencils remained in the solvent (1-72 hr), (2) anesthetization or agitation of males prior to excision of hairpencils, or (3) the time (photophase or scotophase) that hairpencils were excised. Thus the interindividual variability observed is not a methodological artifact. Most males had similar concentrations in both hairpencils, although in some cases only one hairpencil contained pheromone. In one case, a male with partially extruded hairpencils had no benzaldehyde at all. Neither pupal weight nor hairpencil length proved to be reliable indicators of pheromone content.Contribution No. 373, Département de biologie, Université Laval. 相似文献
3.
Johan M. Thevelein 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1994,10(13):1753-1790
4.
Electroantennograms (EAGs) from male and femaleIps avulsus, I. calligraphus, andI. grandicollis to their pheromones and selected host odorants or kairomones verified the presence of antennal olfactory receptors in both sexes of each species capable of detecting ipsdienol, ipsenol,cis- andtrans-verbenol,endo-brevicomin -pinene, frontalin, and verbenone. Each species possesses receptors with lower thresholds and in greater abundance for the compounds they produce and to which they are behaviorally most responsive. Detection of bothIps andDendroctonus pheromones by the three cohabiting species provides a sensory basis for olfactory interactions among the species. Differences in both threshold and saturation levels for EAGs for the various behavioral chemicals could denote differences in specific behavioral roles for each compound.Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Paper Number TA-22463. This research was supported in part by McIntire-Stennis Project 1525, USDA-CR grants 85-CRCR-1-1856 and 86-CRCR-2019 and NATO Collaborative Research Grant 86-0710. The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and information of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station are available without regard to race, ethnic origin, religion, sex, or age.Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. 相似文献
5.
A bioassay based on male copulatory responses occurring on contact with dead decoy insects was used to confirm the existence of a sex pheromone in the screwworm fly,Cochliomyia hominivorax. Males responded to female but not male decoys. Mated and virgin females were equally stimulatory. Activity was abolished when females were washed with hexane but partially restored by treatment with crude hexane extract of females. Responses decreased when extracts were diluted and when the number of females extracted per milliliter of hexane was decreased from 20 to 1 in the preparation of extracts concentrated to 0.4 female/l. Sexually mature female decoys of the 009 strain, the most laboratory-adapted of three strains examined in intrastrain tests, produced few copulatory attempts compared with those of Aricruz or DE-9 strains. However, newly emerged 009 as well as Aricruz females elicited responses from about 80% of sexually mature males. Those of the DE-9 strain stimulated fewer than 1%. The observation that 009 females were maximally stimulatory before becoming receptive to mating suggests that these strain differences resulted from laboratory colonization. 相似文献
6.
Female cowpea weevils,Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), emitted a pheromone which excited males. Pheromone release began soon after emergence and continued for one week. Synchronization of pheromone release with calling behavior was demonstrated. Mating reduced pheromone release but not male response. Pheromone obtained by aeration collection was utilized for determining a quantitative dose-response relationship.Mention of a commercial product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA.Visiting scholar on leave from Shanghai Institute of Entomology, PRC. 相似文献
7.
Kentaro Okada Masataka Mori Kazuko Shimazaki Tatsuji Chuman 《Journal of chemical ecology》1991,17(4):695-706
The biological activities of synthetic periplanone analogs, including four candidates of periplanone-A (P-A), were evaluated by behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) assays. Among 16 periplanone analogs, six compounds evoked pheromonal activity from the male American cockroaches. The threshold dosages of these biological active analogs were 10–105 times lower than that of the known periplanone mimic, germacrene-D. The conformation required for eliciting the pheromonal activity is discussed in terms of the structure-activity relationship of these analogs. Hauptmann's P-A elicited the strongest pheromonal activity among four candidates of P-A in our bioassay, suggesting that Hauptmann's P-A is a natural P-A produced from female cockroaches. 相似文献
8.
The significance of the alkyl group at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate, which is the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, was investigated. Seven alcohols possessing an ethyl, propyl, or dimethyl group at this position of the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton were synthesized and evaluated by behavioral assay. All of the alcohols were inactive, while three of four acetates of the 2-alcohols induced sexual behavior in male cockroaches at the 0.02 or 0.5 mg dosage level, either of which is many orders of magnitude higher than the threshold level of the natural sex pheromones (10–8 mg). Among the acetates, the compounds with a methyl group or an -oriented ethyl group at C-4 showed the highest activity. The results are discussed in terms of spatial requirements of the molecules for interactions with the receptor.Studies on the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate. Part VIII. For Part VII, seeComp. Biochem. Physiol.,70A: 229–234 (1981). 相似文献
9.
A zero dead-volume all-glass-lined stainless-steel effluent splitter with a modified thermal gradient collector was designed for preparative gas chromatography using glass capillary columns. This system gives efficient collection of extremely pure samples of the 1-ng to 10-g range for spectral analysis and biological testing.Approved as TA 15656 by the director of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with ARS, USDA. Supported by the Texas Department of Agriculture interagency agreement IAC-0487 (78-79). 相似文献
10.
Bothexo- andendo-brevicomin reduced the response of flyingDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to an attractant composed oftrans-verbenol and terpenes or oftrans- andcis-verbenol and terpenes in a stand ofPinus contorta var.murrayana. These data suggest that racemicexo- andendo-brevicomin may interrupt aggregation in populations of mountain pine beetle colonizing lodgepole pine; functions of the natural chiral compounds are unknown.Research supported by NSF grants DEB 77-11367 and PCN 79-21708 and the O.S.U. School of Forestry. O.S.U. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Paper No. 5713. 相似文献