Modeling and analysis of passive worm propagation in the P2P file-sharing network

A number of worms, named P2P (peer-to-peer) passive worms, have recently surfaced, which propagate in P2P file-sharing networks and have posed heavy threats to these networks. In contrast to the majority of Internet worms, it is by exploiting users’ legitimate activities instead of vulnerabilities of networks in which P2P passive worms propagate. This feature evidently slows down their propagation, which results in them not attracting an adequate amount of attention in literature. Meanwhile, this feature visibly increases the difficulty of detecting them, which makes it very possible for them to become epidemic. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for P2P passive worm propagation by adopting epidemiological approaches so as to identify their behaviors and predict the tendency of their propagation accurately. Compared with a few existing models, dynamic characteristics of P2P networks are taken into account. Based on this proposed model, the sufficient condition for the global stability of the worm free equilibrium is derived by applying epidemiological theories. Large scale simulation experiments have validated both the proposed model and the condition.     

市区微蜂窝传播路径损耗模式的比较检验

讨论了几种微蜂窝路径损耗模式,并用我国某城市测量的微蜂窝传播数据对COST231WI,修正COST231WI和Xia模式进行了检验,结果表明修正COST231模式的误差最小,Xia模式次之,COST231WI模式最差。从而得到修正COST231模式比较符合我国实际的微蜂窝传播预测模式。     

关于海面无线传播模型的探讨

现有文献中一般都认为海面环境的无线传播模型近似于自由空间传播模型，但在实际测试中发现，自由空间模型预测值与实测值差别较大，不能很好地解释此类环境的信号传播。笔者根据多次海面覆盖测试的数据，分析并拟合出了新的海面传播模型。     

Thin hard coatings fracture propagation during the impact test

One of the most significant applications of the impact test is to investigate thin hard coatings fatigue properties. Herein the test conditions and duration up to the film damage initiation, are considered in order to determine the critical stresses associated with the coating fatigue strength. Moreover, the subsequent film damage propagation is a significant mechanism as well, since it refers to the ability of the coating to withstand loads after its fatigue damage initiation. In order to describe the film fracture propagation the failed area ratio was introduced and an algorithm to determine this magnitude developed, based on the analysis of imprint scanning electron microscopy graphs. The application of the coating failed area ratio will be demonstrated in various impact test film cases, also with superficial thin layers. The top layers do not affect, in general, the failure initiation of the basic coating. However, according to the obtained results, the superficial films influence the basic coating failure propagation rate during the impact test.     

Elastoplastic modelling of subsurface crack growth in rail/wheel contact problems

Propagation of small subsurface cracks subjected to shear under repeated rolling contact load is studied. An analytical crack model (Dugdale) with plastic strips at the two crack tips is employed. Compressive stresses promoting crack closure and friction between crack faces are considered. The triaxial stress state is used in the yield criterion. A damage criterion is suggested based on experimental LCF data. In a numerical study, critical crack lengths are found below which propagation of an existing crack should be effectively suppressed.     

Numerical modelling for scattering of waves in three-dimensional cracked material

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for the problem of the scattering of plane waves in a three-dimensional cracked materials. Instead of obtaining closed-form solutions as in conventional theoretical analysis methods, this approach, called the Equivalent Nodal Force (ENF) method formulates the mechanical effects of cracks as an equivalent nodal force in a numerical procedure, and physically translates cracked material into an equivalent continuous one. Several mechanical relations between waves and cracks are evident from this method. Also the results of several numerical calculations are presented and these are compared with those obtained by the conventional methods.     

Geometric features of the flame propagation process for an SI engine having dual‐ignition system

Flame front surface area and enflamed volume (the volume enclosed with flame front) is theoretically analysed for a spark‐ignition engine, having cylindrical disc‐shaped combustion chamber with two spark plugs located axisymmetrically on cylinder head, between cylinder axis and cylinder wall. Spherical flame front assumption is used. A computer code is developed based on purely geometric consideration of the flame development process in combustion chamber, and is used to investigate the effects of variations of spark plugs' locations on geometric features of the flame front. A comparison has also been made with a spark‐ignition engine having one spark plug at the same location. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF A WELDED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Abstract— In response to the increasing structural applications in duplex steels for welded structures, fatigue behaviour of a SAF 2304 grade duplex stainless steel was investigated, considering both the base metal and GTAW welded joints. Fatigue curves and fatigue limits under rotary bending fatigue were obtained. The study focused attention on the microstructural features of fatigue crack propagation of the two series of experiments, thereby permitting an evaluation of the tortuous crack path of welded joints and the mechanisms related to threshold microstructural barriers.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束通过有硬边光阑光学系统的传输

采用将硬边光阑展为有限个复高斯函数之和的方法,得到了拉盖尔-高斯光束通过有硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统中传输的近似解析公式,作了数值计算以说明传输公式的应用,并对使用该式的误差作了讨论。