Consumer perception of extruded snacks containing brown rice and dried mushroom

Effects of mushroom type, seasoning and health benefit information (HBI) on consumers’ saltiness expectation, sensory liking, elicited emotions and purchase intent (PI) of extruded snacks were investigated. Five snacks were evaluated: straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) extrudates without (SME) or with seasoning (SMES), phoenix mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) extrudates without (PME) or with seasoning (PMES), and the control without mushroom and seasoning. Hedonic scores and positive emotions were generally higher for seasoned mushroom-containing snacks (SMES and PMES) with 65% and 75.83% of consumers reporting willingness to purchase, respectively, after receiving HBI. Bored, interested and satisfied were identified as significant emotional predictors for PI odds. Flavour, saltiness, overall liking, bored, good and interested were critical attributes, differentiating snacks. This study demonstrated that sensory liking and PI of extruded brown rice-based snacks containing mushroom could be improved through savoury seasoning addition, which also allowed saltiness expectations to be met.     

Backtesting portfolio value-at-risk with estimated portfolio weights

This article theoretically and empirically analyzes backtesting portfolio value-at-risk (VaR) with estimation risk in an intrinsically multi-variate framework. It particularly takes into account the estimation of portfolio weights in forecasting portfolio VaR and its impact on backtesting. It shows that the estimation risk from estimating portfolio weights and that from estimating the multi-variate dynamic model make the existing methods in a univariate framework inapplicable. It proposes a general theory to quantify estimation risk applicable to the present problem and suggests practitioners a simple but effective way to implement valid inference to overcome the effect of estimation risk in backtesting portfolio VaR. In particular, we apply our theory to the efficient mean-variance-skewness portfolio for a multi-variate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model with multi-variate general hyperbolic distributed innovations. Some Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application demonstrate the merits of our method.     

Emerging strategy recognition in agile portfolios

Agile practices become increasingly popular for projects and project portfolios offering firms a higher flexibility to adapt to dynamic environments. This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of agile practices' relevance for strategy formulation in project portfolio management processes. Building on complex adaptive systems theory, we hypothesize a positive relationship between agile capabilities and emerging strategy initiatives and eventually portfolio success. Agile capabilities refer to both the project portfolio organization's intensity of and competence in applying agile practices. Using a sample of 135 portfolios and multiple informants for each portfolio, the results support entrepreneurial orientation and voice behavior as antecedents for agile capabilities. Furthermore, the findings support an agile portfolio's positive relationship with emergence recognition and overall portfolio success. The findings contribute to the literature by identifying two significant antecedents of agile capabilities as well as empirically demonstrating the positive relationship between agile portfolios and emerging strategy recognition. For practitioners, the study encourages the application of agile practices by stressing the general positive influence of agile capabilities and underlines entrepreneurial orientation and voice behavior as important methods of empowerment for agile portfolio processes.     

VaR and ES for linear portfolios with mixture of elliptic distributions risk factors

In this paper, we generalize the Linear VaR method from portfolios with normally distributed risk factors to portfolios with mixture of elliptically distributed ones. We treat both the Expected Shortfall and the Value-at-Risk of such portfolios. Special attention is given to the particular case of a mixture of multivariate t-distributions. This is a part of J. SADEFO-KAMDEM PhD Thesis[12] of the Université de Reims, France . It has been presented at the workshop on modelling and computation in Financial Engineering at Bad Herrenalb, Germany May 6-8, 2003. The author is an associate professor at the Department of mathematics, université d’Evry Val d’Essonne.     

反拍卖采购:一种新的采购模式

反拍卖采购技术以其新的理念和对信息技术的融合，能够使企业采购成本大幅度降低。通过对我国传统采购模式与反拍卖采购模式的对比分析，可以了解到反拍卖采购技术的应用前景。     

公伯峡水电站高压电缆设计几个技术问题分析

结合公伯峡水电站电缆系统设计，对合理选择电缆截面、敷设方式及保护措施等技术问题加以介绍。由于目前电缆设计标准不太完善，因此设计中应结合电站具体情况，合理地选择和提出技术要求。     

对完善公司物资供应管理体系的思考

针对经“债转股”和资产重组成立的北京东方石油化工有限公司物资供应管理特点和存在的问题，从供应管理模式、采购方式、采购过程监控、信息化管理、物资储备、人员结构等6个方面，分析了目前供应管理存在的问题和不足，并针对问题通过对物资供应管理体制的分析和思考，提出对策，为新的物资供应体制的建立提供参考。     

在备件招标采购中运用"定质比价法"初探

针对公司在备件采购中存在的质量、价格等问题，探讨了如何使用“定质比价法”这一新的招标采购方法来提高备件质量、降低成本。     

基于规则引擎的电子采购逆向竞拍的研究

近年来规则引擎技术已广泛应用于金融、电子商务及制造业等领域。当前大型企业的采购方式越来越多样化,传统采购系统所采用的逆向竞拍方案已不能满足现有需求。本文研究了规则引擎技术在企业电子采购系统中的应用,以将程序代码和业务规则分离开来。企业可以按照不同采购需求个性化配置采购规则,规则引擎控制整个拍卖过程,拍卖结束后系统再利用规则引擎自动对报价进行评分,帮助企业选择最优供应商,使其在采购过程中降低成本,提高采购效率。     

考虑限制性卖空的多期模糊投资组合优化模型

在实际证券交易中, 卖空操作是一种重要的投资手段, 因此本文研究考虑限制性卖空的多期模糊投资组合优化问题。将风险资产的收益视为梯形模糊数。在允许卖空的情况下, 建立了带单期最低期望收益约束、破产控制约束和投资比例边界约束的多期可信性均值−下半方差−偏度投资组合优化模型。设计了一个改进的多种群粒子群算法对模型进行求解。最后, 采用真实股票数据进行数值算例分析, 说明了所提出的优化模型和算法的有效性。