The Development of Color Categories in Two Languages: A Longitudinal Study.

This study unites investigations into the linguistic relativity of color categories with research on children's category acquisition. Naming, comprehension, and memory for colors were tracked in 2 populations over a 3-year period. Children from a seminomadic equatorial African culture, whose language contains 5 color terms, were compared with a group of English children. Despite differences in visual environment, language, and education, they showed similar patterns of term acquisition. Both groups acquired color vocabulary slowly and with great individual variation. Those knowing no color terms made recognition errors based on perceptual distance, and the influence of naming on memory increased with age. An initial perceptually driven color continuum appears to be progressively organized into sets appropriate to each culture and language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

不可逆量子斯特林热泵循环性能分析与优化

建立了以一维无限深势阱中极端相对论粒子为工质的不可逆量子斯特林热泵循环模型。考虑高低温热源之间的热漏,导出了循环的性能系数与无量纲泵热率的表达式。分析了循环性能与各性能参数之间的关系。研究发现,热泵的性能系数与无量纲泵热率都随粒子在状态1进处于激收态上的占有几度单调递减,性能系数与无量纲泵热率都是势阱宽度比的凸单调函数。无量纲泵热率关于性能系数的关系曲线为回原点的扭叶型,并确定了该不可逆量子斯特林热泵的最优运行区间。     

加权条件熵在异常检测中的应用

通过分析信息熵在异常检测中的应用和条件熵的固有特性, 提出了一种基于条件熵和加权熵理论的异常检测方法。分析网络流量特征, 选取具有内在相关性的网络特征属性, 给出了加权系数矩阵的公式和异常检测的具体实现方法。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性和实用性, 根据不同属性特征在加权条件熵理论中的应用效果, 分析了不同特征属性选择造成检测效果差异的原因。     

关于狭义相对论中时空问题的讨论

狭义相对论明确指出同时性、时间和空间的测量是相对的,与物体的运动状态或与参考系的选取密切相关,并以此建立了相对论时空观.基于狭义相对论中时空概念的关联分析,讨论了解决时空问题的思路和方法,指出了＂同时性的相对性＂是理解和认识相对论时空观的基础,有利于解决大学物理教学的重难点问题.     

狭义相对论与钟慢效应关系再认识--纪念狭义相对论创立110周年

从爱因斯坦建立狭义相对论的科学方法与狭义相对论理论的逻辑构成入手,综合运用A· P·弗伦奇在国际著名的改革教材“美国麻州理工学院物理学导论丛书”第二卷《狭义相对论》中的研究观点和闵可夫斯基的四维时空理论,阐明狭义相对论与钟慢效应之间的正确关系。     

一种基于自动显微镜的X光图片快速图像拼接算法

为提高工业无损探伤中对X光图片的检测效率,提出用自动数字显微镜替代肉眼对X光图片进行自动检测,并通过研究自动显微镜图像采样方式和X光图像的特点,提出一种改进的基于空间像素灰度相关的快速图像拼接算法:以前一幅采样图像矩阵最后一列的中点为基点建立匹配矩阵,设立阈值,并通过相关性匹配找到下一采样图像中的匹配点,然后进行多重循环校验来验证匹配点的准确性。仿真实验证明,该算法不仅精确性高,而且运算量小,具有很高的运算效率和采样效率。     

一种综合的本体相似度计算方法

本体相似度计算是本体映射的关键环节.本体的实例、关系、属性、结构等信息是相似度计算需要考虑的重要因素.针对目前本体映射过程中相似度计算所存在的问题,提出了一种综合的相似度计算方法.首先判断不同本体之间是否存在相关性.若相关,则充分考虑各种相关因素,从语义和概念两个层面来进行比较,然后给出了本体的综合相似度计算方法.最后采用了两组测试数据对该方法进行实验,并与GLUE系统的概率统计方法进行了实验对比.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效确保相似度计算的准确性.     

块纹理合成中纹理块尺寸自适应算法

分析了块纹理合成方法中纹理块尺寸对合成结果的影响,经过对大量不同类型纹理图像采样,归纳并验证了纹理相关性特征值与纹理块尺寸之间的关系,得出纹理相关性特征值自适应调整纹理块尺寸的算法.采用该算法可避免因纹理块尺寸选取不当而引起的合成时间的增加和合成质量的降低.     

基于主题特征和时间因子的改进PageRank算法

经典PageRank算法单纯地考虑到对网页的链接结构进行分析,而不能考虑到网页在搜索主题方面的相关性和权威性,以及用户对新旧网页的依赖程度的不同.针对经典PageRank算法存在的上述缺陷,综合网页的主题特征和时间特征两个因素,提出了一种改进的PageRank算法WTPR(weighmd topic PageRank).该算法通过网页链接分析和内容分析来解决网页的权威程度和相关程度,通过时间因子实现PageRank值随时间的变动而浮动.仿真结果表明,改进后的算法与PageRank算法相比获得了更好的效果.     

Information transmittal, Newton’s law of gravitation, and tensor approach to general relativity

The special relativity considered in [A. Einstein, Zur Elektrodynamik der bewegte Körper. Ann. Physik, 17 (1905) 891-921] is based on the concept of finite speed of information transmittal by the available signals (rays of light). It is demonstrated that the same concept applies to Newton’s law of universal gravitation since the magnitude of distances between attracting masses can be physically defined (carried, accounted in acting forces of gravity) only by signals (physical processes) propagating at finite velocities. It follows that the speed of propagation of gravity is finite. The linear transformations of special relativity are applied to Newton’s law of gravitation to take into account the relativistic effects of information transmittal in a field of central forces of attraction. Relativistic representations of Newton’s law are obtained with respect to the center of gravity exposing illusory effects that appear at high velocities. It is verified that in atomic physics the effect of Newtonian gravitation on the motion of elementary particles at high velocities is negligible also in relativistic consideration. Computational methods are developed to measure the intensity of gravitation at a distant space-time location using a body that travels in space, emitting uniform pulses of light that are received by the observer at a different space-time location. It is demonstrated that the tensor approach to the general relativity and the united theory of space, time and gravitation in which the geometrical properties (metric) of the four-dimensional space-time continuum depend on the distribution of gravitating masses in space and their motion represent a transformed Lorentz invariant with a new type of inertia in the field of forces changing in space and time. Real physical processes evolve according to the forces represented in the tensor form by this invariant which is equivalent to the coordinate-free local invariant of relativistic dynamics that defines the field and the motion of a body whose velocities and accelerations can be measured by relativistic identification methods at a point, time and direction of interest. The results open new avenues for research in the general relativity and can be used for software development, field measurements and experimental studies in application to distant or fast moving systems.