基于直角应变花的输油管道应力监测系统

为监测长输油管线受各种因素影响而产生的管道形变、断裂等安全隐患,研制一种应力检测系统。通过采集粘贴在管道表面的电阻应变花随管道变形而产生的电阻变化,确定主应力方向及应力大小,并通过GSM网络远程传输数据到主控中心,实现对管道应力的实时监测。结果表明：该系统稳定可靠、安装调试方便、成本低廉,适用于大规模野外无人值守情况下的长输油管道应力检测和天然气的远距离传输系统中。     

花萼状涡流传感器的损伤监测正向等效模型构建

结构损伤监测对于保证结构安全是极其重要的.针对金属螺栓连接结构中螺栓孔位置处的裂纹损伤定量监测需求,在Goldfine等人的基础之上,该文提出一种花萼状涡流传感器,构建了传感器损伤监测正向等效模型并通过搭建实验装置验证损伤监测正向等效模型准确性并进行误差分析.相对于传统的多层导电结构谐波涡流场的积分/级数解析模型,构建的损伤监测正向等效模型考虑了在高频激励下导线电流密度分布的集肤效应,并可用于互感式涡流传感器建模.实验结果表明:对测量结果经空气标定后,传感器贴于2A 12-T4标准试件表面时的模型计算结果和实验结果较为吻合,第1、2和3感应通道的幅值比量模型计算结果误差随频率变化均在10％以内,第4感应通道的幅值比量模型计算结果误差随频率变化在15％以内.     

热力管网大型蝶阀故障的试验研究

通过对某厂热力管网典型蝶阀的变形及应力的实验检测及力学理论分析,探讨了蝶阀在管网中的受载状况,对该管网上大量蝶阀故障原因进行了研究分析,提出了具体的改进建议。     

基于半解析模型的花萼状涡流传感器损伤监测灵敏度分析

针对金属螺栓连接结构的孔边疲劳裂纹监测需求,介绍了一种具有柔性平面特点的花萼状涡流传感器,构建其损伤监测半解析模型,并通过半解析模型分析激励频率和传感器结构参数对监测灵敏度的影响,最后利用柔性电路板工艺制备出传感器,并进行2A12铝合金中心孔板试样疲劳损伤监测试验验证花萼状涡流传感器的疲劳裂纹监测能力。损伤监测灵敏度分析结果表明在不同提离距离下传感器具有最优灵敏度频率点,且随提离距离的增大,最优灵敏度值减小,最优频率点降低。传感器线圈厚度越小灵敏度越高,且感应线圈与激励线圈之间的水平间距越大则传感器的损伤监测灵敏度越大,而感应线圈与激励线圈宽度比值对传感器的损伤监测灵敏度影响较小。监测试验表明,除第一个通道以外,传感器其它感应通道归一化跨阻抗幅值随疲劳载荷次数变化曲线的拐点对应的即为裂纹扩展到相应通道下方的疲劳载荷次数,而第一个通道的拐点可以初步确定试件的累积损伤起始点。     

A Probabilistic Evaluation of the Least Squares Strain Tensor Derived from a Three-Dimensional Modular Strain Rosette Using the Monte-Carlo Technique

Abstract:  Strain gradients give rise to a number of problems in the field of embedded three-dimensional strain measurement. In order to avoid these problems a modular type three-dimensional strain rosette was embedded into known strain fields and the data from the individual gauges compared with theoretical predictions. Finally, the least squares strain tensor was predicted from experimental data analysed using the Monte-Carlo technique and the theoretical results forecast from finite element data taking into account the mechanical properties of the carrier, plug and prismatic bar. Some of the experimental results were found to correlate well with the theoretical values but some values in the least squares strain tensor, in particular under compression and torsional loading, departed considerably from the theoretical values. It was found that the effect of the measurement errors in the individual gauges combined with the matrix operations in the least squares strain tensor were responsible for biasing the resultant tensor data. However, the modular technique provided a solution to the problem of strain gradients.     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的载荷定位与检测方法

针对传统定位系统存在的结构复杂、实时性低、需要建立训练集等问题,提出利用光纤Bragg光栅结合直角应变花结构的方法对冲击源进行定位。在平面应变下,建立横向效应补偿因子模型和应变解耦模型,证明了光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)直角应变花结构用于定位时不受横向效应的影响。同时针对四边简支薄板结构,提出一种判定冲击载荷大小的新方法。通过不同位置两组FBG应变花分别测得的主应变方向,其交点来确定冲击源坐标;通过FBG传感器测得的轴向应变经横向效应补偿,并结合四边简支板扰度曲线和定位坐标,来对冲击载荷大小进行测量。试验表明其定位精度达到2.9 cm以内,定位实时性1 ms左右,冲击载荷大小判定误差在3 N以内。为冲击平台载荷检测提供了一种实用可行的方法。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of vibratory stress relief by a modified hole-drilling method

In this paper, a modified through hole-drilling method is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of vibratory stress relief (VSR). The principal residual stresses at any specified point before and after the treatment of VSR are measured by this method with the same cemented commercially available three-element strain gauge rosette. By comparing the magnitude of the measured results, the effectiveness of the treatment of VSR can thus be determined. Thin butt-welded specimens are prepared to verify the accuracy of the modified hole-drilling method compared to that of the conventional hole-drilling method. The experimental results show that the percentages of the relative errors between these two methods are all within 2.9%. Therefore, this modified method shows good accuracy in the determination of residual stresses before and after VSR. Meanwhile, the maximum principal residual stresses at the measured points are effectively reduced by about 5.8% to 27% after the application of VSR, and the minimum principal residual stresses at the measured points are effectively reduced by about 9.6% to 31%.     

Cellulose microfibril deposition: coordinated activity at the plant plasma membrane

Plant cell wall production is a membrane-bound process. Cell walls are composed of cellulose microfibrils , embedded inside a matrix of other polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The cell wall matrix is extruded into the existing cell wall by exocytosis. This same process also inserts the cellulose synthase complexes into the plasma membrane. These complexes, the nanomachines that produce the cellulose microfibrils, move inside the plasma membrane leaving the cellulose microfibrils in their wake. Cellulose microfibril angle is an important determinant of cell development and of tissue properties and as such relevant for the industrial use of plant material. Here, we provide an integrated view of the events taking place in the not more than 100 nm deep area in and around the plasma membrane, correlating recent results provided by the distinct field of plant cell biology. We discuss the coordinated activities of exocytosis, endocytosis, and movement of cellulose synthase complexes while producing cellulose microfibrils and the link of these processes to the cortical microtubules.     

An Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Data Derived from a Plug Type Three-Dimensional Strain Rosette under Compression and Torsion

Abstract:  The embedding of three-dimensional strain rosettes embedded into epoxy models provides an experimental technique for analysing complex structures; however, this technique has been known to produce data that were difficult to explain in terms of their physical significance. To gain a greater insight into the behaviour of a three-dimensional strain rosette used in this way, a three-dimensional strain rosette was embedded into each of two separate prismatic bars of square cross-section and subjected to fundamental tests of compression and torsion in standard commercial testing machines. In initial tests on a bar containing a three-dimensional strain rosette (Bar A) the data derived from the individual gauges sometimes departed from the theoretical values by more that 30  μ e. After critical evaluation of the procedures used for making and testing Bar A, further tests were carried out on Bar B, which led to a reduction in the difference between theoretical and experimental data to 14  μ e, acceptable for most practical purposes. The use of square plugs containing three-dimensional strain rosettes which are embedded into square cavities in the model, and the measurement of the actual direction cosines of the gauges on the square plug prior to embedment is a distinct advantage over the use of cylindrical plugs. In addition, the use of testing machines with a fixed base as opposed to a floating lower platen is recommended.     

用TMS320C50实现“双色红外玫瑰线扫描”亚成像目标识别

目标识别”是设计和研制红外制导武器的关键技术。它的效用直接影响着红外制导武器系统的精度与实时性。本文介绍了采用高速数字信号处理器TMS3 2 0C5 0为亚成像系统的核心硬件 ,并用本系统对”双色红外玫瑰线扫描”的红外亚成像图形进行自适应门限提取、图形分割和求质心等识别处理。通过实验验证了本系统的有效性。