Effective lightning protection schemes for distribution line

The causes of lightning outage are subdivided into direct lightning strokes and induced lightning strokes, which are identified by the characteristics of the lightning overvoltage. In the past, lightning protection devices were directed mainly toward the latter, and attention has been focused on the installation of lightning protection devices, ground wires, and reinforcement of insulators. However, lightning outages continue to occur. Thus it is extremely important to clarify the fault characteristics of lightning surges and to study the effectiveness of various lightning protection devices by considering both direct lightning stroke and induced lightning stroke in order to prevent lightning outage in the future. In this research, the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) has been applied to the direct lightning stroke, and the induced lightning outage analysis program for multiple conductor systems has been applied to the induced lightning stroke to study the effectiveness of lightning protection devices provided by combination of various lightning protection devices. The most effective lightning protection schemes are analyzed and evaluated based on verification tests on the full scale models as well as economic considerations.     

APDT-00三极放电管全自动打印机的研制

介绍了新近研制的APTD - 0 0三极放电管全自动打印机的结构特点及整机设计的关键技术 ,阐述了自动上料机构、打印机构和控制电路的设计     

水文自动测报系统防雷的探讨

水文自动测报系统若配备有线／无线（GSM，GPRS）双通道，可提高系统的可靠性，保证系统的畅通。然而，有线组网方式最致命弱点是防雷能力差，针对防雷问题，在实践中探讨其有效途径，论述接地装置的设计、安装中应注意的几个问题，并介绍在实践中电话线防雷从一级防护发展到三级防护，提高防雷的效果，有待在实践中，再认识，再提高。     

避雷器接地电阻的测量与预测方法

介绍了避雷器三极法测量接地电阻的接线、测量原理及测量电压的选取,根据测得的历史数据建立了基于回归分析的接地电阻变化趋势预测模型,并通过标准离差检验证明了该预测模型可用于实际接地电阻的预测。实践表明,该测量与预测方法切实可行,能在一定程度上避免因接地电阻超标而引发的雷击事故。     

交流滤波器避雷器电气特性分析中不同仿真模型的影响

交流滤波器是直流输电系统的重要设备。主要分析仿真模型对交流滤波器用避雷器电气特性（过电压、电流和吸收能量）的影响,基于PSCAD电磁仿真程序,开展滤波器投入和交流滤波器母线接地故障下的建模及仿真计算。仿真结果表明：在交流滤波器投入工况下,采用单个滤波器大组模型（模型1）进行仿真时,在运滤波器的避雷器不动作,与实际情况不符;在滤波器投入及滤波器母线接地故障下,完整参数模型（模型3）中各组滤波器用避雷器过电压比原系统模型（模型2）和模型1降低可达21%,电流降低可达53%,但吸收能量升高可达56%。因此,若在绝缘设计中不采用完整参数模型,避雷器电压电流设计值会偏大,能量设计值会偏小,同时会在滤波器投入工况下忽略同大组其他交流滤波器的避雷器动作情况。     

农配网变压器烧毁的原因分析及防范对策

针对山区阳春市农配网的特点,从线路短路、雷击、负荷不平衡、运行维护不当等四个方面出发,详细分析了可能导致农配网变压器烧毁的原因,并提出了具体的防范对策,为农配网的运行维护人员提供参考,防止事故的发生。     

Requirement of ultra-high voltage GIS arrester to voltage gradient of metal-oxide varistor

The surge arrester with excellent protection characteristics would decrease the overvoltage level ap- plied on the power apparatus to reduce their insulation levels and manufacturing bottleneck. The arrester for the 1000-kV ultra-high voltage ac power transmission system is designed as tank-type structure. The field-circuit combination numerical method combining the three-dimensional finite element method with circuit is proposed to analyze the potential distribution of GIS arrester. By comparing several design schemes, the most effective method to improve the potential distribution along the varistor column is to increase the voltage gradient of the ZnO varistor. Synthesizing several influential factors, the suitable voltage gradient of ZnO varistor should be controlled to 435 V/mm, and the resulted nonuniform degree of the potential distribution along the varistor column inside the GIS arrester would be controlled smaller than 10%. The result in this paper provides the fundamental technical index for the study of the high voltage gradient ZnO varistors.     

峡江水利枢纽电站取水防沙试验研究

为解决峡江水利枢纽泥沙淤塞库区,避免泥沙进入电站,对取水防沙原设计方案试验中存在的问题进行了分析.改进了拦沙坎的布置方案,提出拦沙坎头部上延与上游自然河湾平顺衔接,以使形成的人工弯道环流导流排沙方案为最优取水防沙方案.探讨了优化方案的取水防沙效果,提出了运行时应注意的事项.     

基于晶闸管的直流可控避雷器关键技术

电网换相换流器(LCC)与模块化多电平换流器(MMC)级联系统具备诸多独特优势,但其低压端模块化多电平换流器(MMC)由多个电压源换流器(VSC)换流器并联组成,当发生交流侧故障时会引起低压端直流母线过电压。为抑制MMC过电压问题,提出在直流母线侧安装直流可控避雷器。对交流侧故障时MMC过电压机理进行了理论分析,提出了直流可控避雷器拓扑结构。在深入分析直流可控避雷器不同运行方式的基础上,给出了直流可控避雷器的直流混合可控开关所需的极限电流耐受能力。为实现开关触发的快速性,提出在直流混合可控开关中采用串联晶闸管阀组方案。通过晶闸管Cauer计算模型仿真研究了极限电流下晶闸管阀组瞬态结温,验证了设计方案的合理性。基于某规划直流工程进行直流可控避雷器设计,并给出了主设备布置方案。基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建了系统的仿真模型,验证了所提出的直流可控避雷器拓扑抑制系统MMC过电压的有效性。     

采用断路器合闸电阻限制750kV系统操作过电压的研究

以陕西某发电厂为例,通过建立操作过电压仿真计算模型,分析统计120次正态分布合闸操作时的过电压水平,采用拟合优度疋。检验法对过电压分布进行检验,确定限制过电压的断路器合闸电阻阻值。