Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants

In the present work, a rheological study of liquid soaps prepared from different mixture of surfactants as a function of surfactant type and concentration was performed. The curves of shear stress vs. shear rate and viscosity vs. shear rate were recorded at constant temperature, 294 ± 0.1 K. The surface activity properties were also studied. The results of the study showed that values of surface tension, γ, were in the range 31–40 mN m⁻¹ and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), was of the order 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹. The calculated maximum surface excess, Γ_max, varied from 2.40 to 3.66 μmol m⁻², while minimum area per molecule, A_min, varied from 41.1 (for amphoterics) to 81.4 Ų (for nonionic surfactants). The standard free energy of micellization, −29.8 and −29.3 kJ mol⁻¹ for anionic and amphoteric surfactants, respectively, were while values for nonionic surfactants varied between −31.8 and − 30.3 kJ mol⁻¹. The free energy of adsorption, was the lowest for amphoteric surfactants (−37.9 kJ mol⁻¹), followed by anionics (−40.4 kJ mol⁻¹) and nonionics (−43.34 to −46.84 kJ mol⁻¹), indicating that micellization process is spontaneous in the examined medium. The synthetized liquid soaps show pseudoplastic behavior and they achieved pipe flow. The results of this research indicate that flow behavior was affected significantly by the ionic charge of the surfactant and the ionic strength of the formulation, suggesting that the flow behavior could be changed by manipulating the choice of the surfactant and salinity. The pH value of all liquid soaps examined were weakly acidic, in the range of 5.0–6.4.     

金属皂类热稳定剂对RPVC流变性能的影响

采用Brabender转矩流变仪，分析并探讨了硬酯酸钡（BaSt2）、硬酯酸铅（PbSt2）、硬酯酸钙（CaSt2）、硬酯酸锌（ZnSt2）4种硬酯酸金属皂类热稳定剂以及复配BaSt2／PbSt2热稳定剂对硬质聚氯乙烯（RPVC）流变性能的影响。结果表明，BaSt2，CaSt2能够促进RPVC的塑化，而PbSt2和ZnSt2却推迟RPVC的塑化；在复配BaSt2／PbSt2稳定剂体系中，随着BaSt2比例的增大，塑化时间缩短，但BaSt2与PbSt2按分子数1：1比率时，RPVC熔体粘度增幅较大。     

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylates in the presence of a reactive surfactant

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007     

肥皂霜的成分分析及成因研讨

采用红外光谱、气相色谱 ,X-射线能谱、原子吸收光谱、紫外分光光度法及化学法分析了肥皂霜中脂肪酸盐、硅、磷、碳酸盐等成分。其结果如下 :RCOONa:94.82 %;Si O2 :2 .43%;PO3-4:0 .40 %;Na2 CO3:1 .0 8%、水份及挥发物余量。依据测试结果 ,对肥皂冒霜的原因进行了探讨     

醇醚羧酸盐在日化产品中的应用性能研究

考察了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚乙酸钠(AE9C Na)的生物降解性和酸、碱水解稳定性,研究了AE9C Na在洗衣粉、肥皂及香波中的应用性能。结果表明,AE9C Na易生物降解,在整个pH值范围内具有良好的酸、碱水解稳定性;在普通肥皂中添加AE9C Na作钙皂分散剂,大大提高了其去污力、抗硬水性,在冷水中的溶解性及织物洗后纤维表面的光滑柔软性;与洗衣粉各助剂及常用各类型表面活性剂配伍性能良好,特别在高硬度水中显示出强大的去污力和钙皂分散能力;在香波中表现出强的起泡、稳泡能力和良好的增调作用。     

歧化松香钾皂制备方法的改进与性能研究

以歧化松香为主要原料,在较低的温度(75~95℃)下,溶入KOH水溶液,并进行皂化反应,制备固体份质量分数45%的歧化松香钾皂。研究了反应温度、皂化时间、pH值、添加复合助剂TX-A对反应速度、去氢枞酸钾含量,以及黏度、结晶、胶凝等产品性能的影响。得出歧化松香钾皂化的较佳制备条件为:pH值为10.36,皂化时间分别为120 min(未加TX-A)、98 min(加TX-A),反应温度85℃,TX-A加入量为反应物质量的0.2%。制备出的歧化松香钾皂产品,在性能上完全符合行业标准ZBB 72003-84的要求,并且结晶、胶凝性质有所改善,加纳色号标准降低两个等级。     

原子吸收光谱法快速测定松香皂中几种金属元素

提出了用原子吸收光谱法快速测定松香皂中几种金属元素的方法。考察了元素干扰情况及灰化温度。该方法快速、简便、准确 ,RSD为 0 .95 %～ 2 .2 1% ,回收率为 95 .6 %～ 10 8.7%。     

基于微生物灭活芽孢的矿冶粉尘清洁皂的制备及性能研究

矿冶粉尘给一线工人皮肤健康带来严重威胁。通过添加微生物灭活芽孢于清洁皂中,研究了不同芽孢添加量对清洁皂去污能力的影响,对比了硅藻土、活性炭和芽孢添加皂在粉尘去污和重金属去除方面的异同,并通过感官评价测试了三种皂在皮肤清洁方面的效果。结果表明,添加硅藻土可以达到80%的粉尘去除率。而活性炭尽管比表面积高,但微粒细小同样易于吸附于手掌纹理中,造成二次污染,故去除率最低。在基础皂中添加1%(w/w)灭活芽孢对粉尘污染的去污率达到了95%,二次洗涤可将重金属去除率从90%提高到95%以上。感官评价中,黑色活性炭的吸附作用造成了清洗后的手掌依然不够干净,观感最差;硅藻土皂的清洁效果接近日常家用皂,观感居中;而芽孢皂的清洁效果最明显,观感最佳。     

窄分布AES在液体洗涤剂中的应用性能研究

研究了常规AE_2S和窄分布AE_2S的理化性能,并对其在餐具洗涤剂和洗衣液等产品中的去污力、泡沫和黏度等应用性能进行了研究。结果表明,窄分布AE_2S具有较高的临界胶束浓度(cmc),表面张力(γ_(cmc))与常规AE_2S相近,但其钙皂分散、抗硬水性能优于常规AE_2S;在餐具洗涤剂配方中,窄分布AE_2S体系的去油率、泡沫和增黏性能优于常规AE_2S;在普通洗衣液和皂基洗衣液配方中,窄分布AE_2S体系对炭黑、蛋白和皮脂污布的综合去污力与常规AE_2S相当,增黏性和泡沫高于常规AE_2S。     

静态热处理时间对轮毂轴承用复合锂基润滑脂流变特性的影响

为研究轮毂轴承工作过程中的热效应对复合锂基润滑脂流变性能的影响,采用静态热处理方式模拟轮毂轴承内复合锂基润滑脂的受热情况。在150℃下对润滑脂进行不同时间的热处理,并采用旋转流变仪研究各样品的流变特性变化规律。研究结果表明:短时间的静态加热处理后,复合锂基润滑脂胶体分散体系发生物理变化;皂纤维缠结程度先降低然后呈逐渐增加的趋势,出现了一定程度的固化;触变性分析表明复合锂基润滑脂的结构恢复性能随加热时间的延长而逐渐减弱。