自然语言中的预设问题

介绍了弗雷格的预设理论、罗素的预设观点和斯特劳森的预设思想,追溯了预设理论的哲学渊源,分析了语言学研究预设的视角,在此基础上探讨了预设触发语和预设的投射问题。     

Managing Workflow Authorization Constraints through Active Database Technology

The execution of workflow processes requires authorizations for enforcing the assignment of tasks to agents, either human or automated, according to the security policy of the organization. This paper presents a workflow authorization framework based on roles and organizational levels, and on authorization constraints. To facilitate the assignment of tasks to agents, roles and organizational levels are organized into hierarchies. Authorization constraints are introduced to specify instance-dependent, time-dependent, and history-dependent authorizations. Authorization constraints are specified in terms of active rules, used also for authorization management. The Workflow Management System determines authorized agents on the basis of the contents of an authorization base maintained through the active rules defined in the system.     

pH‐Responsive,Light‐Triggered on‐Demand Antibiotic Release from Functional Metal–Organic Framework for Bacterial Infection Combination Therapy

To satisfy the ever‐growing demand in bacterial infection therapy and other fields of science, great effort is being devoted to the development of methods to precisely control drug release and achieve targeted use of an active substance at the right time and place. Here, a new strategy for bacterial infection combination therapy based on the light‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is reported. A pH‐jump reagent is modified into the porous structure of ZIF nanoparticles as a gatekeeper, allowing the UV‐light (365 nm) responsive in situ production of acid, which subsequently induces pH‐dependent degradation of ZIF and promotes the release of the antibiotic loaded in the mesopores. The combination of the UV‐light, the pH‐triggered precise antibiotic release, and the zinc ions enables the light‐activated nanocomposite to significantly inhibit bacteria‐induced wound infection and accelerate wound healing, indicating a switchable and synergistic antibacterial effect. The light irradiated accumulation of acid ensures the controlled release of antibiotic and controlled degradation of ZIF, suggesting the therapeutic potential of the metal–organic frameworks‐based smart platform for controlling bacterial infection.     

Aurora: a new model and architecture for data stream management

This paper describes the basic processing model and architecture of Aurora, a new system to manage data streams for monitoring applications. Monitoring applications differ substantially from conventional business data processing. The fact that a software system must process and react to continual inputs from many sources (e.g., sensors) rather than from human operators requires one to rethink the fundamental architecture of a DBMS for this application area. In this paper, we present Aurora, a new DBMS currently under construction at Brandeis University, Brown University, and M.I.T. We first provide an overview of the basic Aurora model and architecture and then describe in detail a stream-oriented set of operators.Received: 12 September 2002, Accepted: 26 March 2003, Published online: 21 July 2003Edited by Y. Ioannidis     

SQL Server中约束与触发器差异比较

数据库中的数据完整性是非常重要的,它涉及到数据库能否真实反映现实世界.在SQL Server数据库中,可以使用约束、规则和触发器来保证数据完整性.文章分析比较了触发器和约束在实现数据完整性方面的异同.     

一种面向公安警情领域的事件抽取方法

公安警情领域存在大量警情文本数据,如何从不同源、不同格式的警情文本中抽取出案情相关信息是公安情报信息处理工作的一个重要内容。基于公安警情领域数据特点,该文提出了一种结合无触发词事件识别和基于阅读理解的事件论元角色分类的事件抽取方法。该方法首先采用无触发词方法实现事件识别;在事件识别结果的基础上,通过阅读理解方式实现对事件论元角色的分类。实验表明,该文提出的方法在不标注触发词情况下在警情领域数据中能更好地实现事件信息抽取。     

Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunctions and death in differentiated skeletal muscle cells

Oxidative stress increase induces cellular damage and apoptosis activation, a mechanism believed to represent a final common pathway correlated to sarcopenia and many skeletal muscle disorders. The goal of this study is to evaluate if melatonin, a ROS scavenger molecule, is able to counteract or modulate myotube death. Here, differentiated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells have been treated with melatonin before chemicals known to induce apoptotic death and oxidative stress, and its effect has been investigated by means of morpho‐functional analyses. Ultrastructural observations show melatonin protection against triggers by the reducing of membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, myonuclei loss and in situ DNA cleavage. Moreover, melatonin is able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunctions which occur in myotubes exposed to the trigger alone. These findings demonstrate melatonin ability in preventing apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle fibers in vitro, suggesting for this molecule a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of various muscle disorders.     

基于CPLD的晶闸管脉冲触发器的设计

通过利用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD(Ahera公司)及其软件开发平台QuartusⅡ,实现一个三电平变频系统晶闸管整流前端的脉冲触发器.设计了一种可应用于三相晶闸管整流或逆变电路的数字触发电路,该电路以CPLD为核心,产生的触发脉冲稳定性好,可靠性高,同时不需要同步变压器,实现了相序自适应.同时证明了用CPLD设计复杂数字逻辑电路的便捷性.