关于引入劳动力市场价位的思考

引入劳动力市场价位是企业薪酬制度改革的必然趋势。系统研究和分析了劳动力市场价位的基本特征;提出企业在引入劳动力市场价位过程中应该遵循的基本原则。     

Stability Criteria of Underground Workings under Zonal Disintegration of Rocks

Using the energy approach as the base, the criteria are developed for brittle rock failure in outcropping in the workings driven in the rock masses of different degree of disturbance. A method is presented for estimating the stability of workings under conditions of zonal disintegration.     

Energy pricing policies in developing countries

Government energy pricing policies have multiple and often conflicting objectives: economic efficiency, government revenues (for both parastatal supply companies and the treasury), maintenance or improvement of income distribution, promotion of particular sectors (such as industrial exporters and local resource development) demand management and security of supply. It is important to examine the impacts on and the trade-offs between these objectives resulting from alternative policies in order to assist in policy selection. This article discusses the more important objectives and their conflicts and outlines an approach for the quantitative examination of alternative policies.     

Hydro-economic Modeling in River Basin Management: Implications and Applications for the European Water Framework Directive

Economic ideas and processes are becoming increasingly integrated with more traditional engineering and hydrologic models of water management problems. Combining economic management concepts and performance indicators with an engineering-level of understanding of a hydrologic system can provide results and insights more directly relevant for water management decisions and policies. When such models are developed and used with involvement of stakeholders, they can become a basis for shared understanding of water problems as a foundation for negotiated management and policy solutions. When implemented with optimization software, integrated hydro-economic models also can suggest promising innovative solutions for policy-makers to consider. Their applications to river basin management problems are reviewed. Economic and integrated economic-engineering-hydrologic modeling is then discussed in the context of the evolving European Water Framework Directive. Relevant items are cost recovery and water pricing, cost-effectiveness of water management measures, and public participation in decision processes.     

A real-time road pricing system: The case of a two-link parallel network

A real-time road pricing system in the case of a two-link parallel network is proposed in this paper. The system that is based on a combination of Dynamic Programming and Neural Networks makes “on-line” decisions about road toll values. In the first phase of the proposed model, the best road toll sequences during certain time period are calculated off-line for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These toll sequences are computed using Dynamic Programming approach. In the second phase, learning from vehicle arrival patterns and the corresponding optimal toll sequences, neural network is trained. The results obtained during on-line tests are close to the best solution obtained off-line assuming that the arrival pattern is known.     

全面实施工程量清单计价之我见

随着国家《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》及各省计价依据的颁布,工程量清单计价工作已在全国开始实行,但实施的深度和广度不够。作者从管理角度,就如何全面实施工程量清单,对造价管理部门和招投标管理机构相关工作的完善阐述了几点建议和意见。     

面向技术创新机遇组建虚拟企业与兼并行为的比较分析

以技术创新机遇为例分析了核心企业选择实现市场机遇的战略模式的决策过程，并给出核心企业选择实现市场机遇的战略模式的决策模型。在模型中考虑了核心企业组建虚拟企业的一个重要目的就是快速地实现市场机遇，因此在提出的决策模型中引入了时间因素。研究结果表明，当市场机遇生命周期较长时，核心企业采取兼并策略优于组建虚拟企业，反之组建虚拟企业更有利。最后提出采用期权定价模型来判断组建虚拟企业的价值，并举例说明。     

Analysing the Diversity of Water Pricing Structures: The Case of France

This paper presents the results of a 2003 national survey of urban water pricing structure implemented by 429 district level water utilities. After providing some background elements on the diversity of existing water pricing structures, the paper shows how each structure can be used to achieve different management objectives (water allocation efficiency, costs recovery, and equity). It then describes the structures adopted by French water utilities, showing that flat rate are rarely adopted; declining blocks frequently used; and increasing blocks pricing which should be used to promote water use efficiency remain extremely rare. A statistical clustering is then conducted and a typology of situations elaborated. The paper concludes with highlighting that current pricing structures are influenced by past practices and that the dominant objective of water utilities is to cover costs.     

景电高扬程灌区水价改革实践及思考

水价是水商品价值的体现。由于多方面的原因，水价改革的进程与水商品生产经营的市场化供求关系还不相适应，致使现行水价不能体现水资源的市场需求价值。回顾总结景电灌区水价调整改革的实践，可以为西北高扬程灌区水价改革提供借鉴。     

Transmission pricing and recovery of investment costs in the deregulated power system based on optimal circuit prices

Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets.Consequently,open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow competition among participants in the energy market.Transmission costs have an important impact on relative competition among participants in the energy market as well as on short-and long-term economic efficiencies of the whole electricity industry,although they represent only close to 10% of the energy market price.This paper deals with the design and tests of a transmission pricing method based on the optimal circuit prices derived from the economically adapted network(EAN).Prices derived from the EAN have the advantage of being in tune with the maximum revenue allowed to the owner of transmission assets and simplifying the optimal allocation of transmission costs among participants.Beginning from the conceptual design,the proposed method is tested on a three-bus network and on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system.