传统麸醋醋醅中一株产香酵母的筛选鉴定及生长特性研究

实验从四川麸醋醋醅中初筛分离得到12株酵母,以其发酵香味、产酒精量和产酯量为标准,筛选得到一株编号为6的菌株,在适宜条件下,其产酒精能力达到0.8825 mL/dL,产酯量达到3.66 g/L.经菌落特征观察和镜检及Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统对这一株菌种进行鉴定,编号为6的菌种被鉴定为粟酒裂殖酵母.同时对其生长特性进行研究.     

非培养技术解析生化系统微生物群落结构

为揭示城市污水厂生化系统稳定运行阶段微生物与污染物降解效率间的关系,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR—DGGE）和Biolog技术,对冬春季城市污水厂稳定运行阶段生化系统中的微生物群落结构及代谢活性进行动态监测．结果显示,冬春季生化系统出水水质指标COD、NH4＋－N和TN的平均去除率分别达84．4％、84．7％和59．8...     

Revealing the Phenotypic and Genomic Background for PHA Production from Rapeseed-Biodiesel Crude Glycerol Using Photobacterium ganghwense C2.2

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastics, and extensive knowledge of the employed bacterial strain’s metabolic capabilities is necessary in choosing economically feasible production conditions. This study aimed to create an in-depth view of the utilization of Photobacterium ganghwense C2.2 for PHA production by linking a wide array of characterization methods: metabolic pathway annotation from the strain’s complete genome, high-throughput phenotypic tests, and biomass analyses through plate-based assays and flask and bioreactor cultivations. We confirmed, in PHA production conditions, urea catabolization, fatty acid degradation and synthesis, and high pH variation and osmotic stress tolerance. With urea as a nitrogen source, pure and rapeseed-biodiesel crude glycerol were analyzed comparatively as carbon sources for fermentation at 20 °C. Flask cultivations yielded 2.2 g/L and 2 g/L PHA at 120 h, respectively, with molecular weights of 428,629 g/mol and 81,515 g/mol. Bioreactor batch cultivation doubled biomass accumulation (10 g/L and 13.2 g/L) in 48 h, with a PHA productivity of 0.133 g/(L·h) and 0.05 g/(L·h). Thus, phenotypic and genomic analyses determined the successful use of Photobacterium ganghwense C2.2 for PHA production using urea and crude glycerol and 20 g/L NaCl, without pH adjustment, providing the basis for a viable fermentation process.     

Aerobic granules for low‐strength wastewater treatment: formation,structure, and microbial community

BACKGROUND: To validate the possibility of aerobic granulation at a lower organic loading rate (OLR) than 2 kg COD m^?3 day^?1 (GS 1) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the formation, structure, and microbial community of granular sludge (GS) were investigated. RESULTS: The overall experimental process involved the following stages: acclimation, granulation, maturation, and stabilization. The optical microscopic showed the structural changes from fluffy activated sludge (AS) to GS and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination revealed that GS 1 was irregular filamentous aggregates composed mainly of various filamentous species, while the aerobic granules cultivated at OLR 1.68–4.20 kg COD m^?3 day^?1 (GS 2) was mycelial pellets consisting of fungi and filamentous microorganisms. A Biolog Ecoplate analysis indicated that significant differences existed between the microbial community structure and the substrate's utilization of AS and different GS samples. CONCLUSION: GS 1 was achieved and different from GS 2 in the formation, structure, and microbial community. Aerobic granulation with low strength wastewater is of importance for the full‐scale application of this technology. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of phenotypic (Biolog System) and genotypic (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction, RAPD-PCR, and amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP) methods for typing Lactobacillus plantarum isolates from raw vegetables and fruits

The diversity of 72 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, previously identified from different raw vegetables and fruits, was studied based on phenotypic (Biolog System) and genotypic (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction, RAPD-PCR, and amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP) approaches. A marked phenotypic and genotypic variability was found. Eight clusters were formed at the similarity level of 92% based on Biolog System analysis. The most numerous clusters grouped isolates apart from the original habitat. Almost all isolates fermented maltose, d,l-lactic acid, N-acetyl-d-mannosamine and dextrin, and other typical carbon sources which are prevalent in raw vegetables and fruits. None of the isolates fermented lactose and free amino acids. At high values of linkage distance, two main clusters were obtained from both UPGMA (unweighted pair group with arithmetic average) dendrograms of RAPD-PCR and AFLP analyses. The two clusters mainly separated isolates from tomatoes and carrots from those isolated from pineapples. At 2.5 linkage distance, a high polymorphism was found and several sub-clusters were formed with both analyses. In particular, AFLP allowed the differentiation of 55 of the 72 isolates of L. plantarum. The discriminatory power of each technique used was calculated through the Simpson's index of diversity (D). The values of the D index were 0.65, 0.92 and 0.99 for Biolog System, RAPD-PCR and AFLP analyses, respectively.     

Biodiversity and Metabolic Potential of Bacteria in Bulk Soil from the Peri-Root Zone of Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Silver Birch (Betula pendula) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

The formation of specific features of forest habitats is determined by the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. The aim of the study was to determine the structural and functional biodiversity of soil microorganisms inhabiting the bulk soil from the peri-root zone of three tree species: Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, and Pinus sylvestris. Soil samples were collected from a semi-deciduous forest located in an area belonging to the Agricultural Experimental Station IUNG-PIB in Osiny, Poland. The basic chemical and biological parameters of soils were determined, as well as the structural diversity of bacteria (16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing) and the metabolic profile of microorganisms (Biolog EcoPlates). The bulk soils collected from peri-root zone of A. glutinosa were characterized by the highest enzymatic activities. Moreover, the highest metabolic activities on EcoPlates were observed in bulk soil collected in the proximity of the root system the A. glutinosa and B. pendula. In turn, the bulk soil collected from peri-root zone of P. sylvestris had much lower biological activity and a lower metabolic potential. The most metabolized compounds were L-phenylalanine, L-asparagine, D-mannitol, and gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid. The highest values of the diversity indicators were in the soils collected in the proximity of the root system of A. glutinosa and B. pendula. The bulk soil collected from P. sylvestris peri-root zone was characterized by the lowest Shannon’s diversity index. In turn, the evenness index (E) was the highest in soils collected from the P. sylvestris, which indicated significantly lower diversity in these soils. The most abundant classes of bacteria in all samples were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria_Gp1, and Alphaproteobacteria. The classes Bacilli, Thermoleophilia, Betaproteobacteria, and Subdivision3 were dominant in the B. pendula bulk soil. Streptosporangiales was the most significantly enriched order in the B. pendula soil compared with the A. glutinosa and P. sylvestris. There was a significantly higher mean proportion of aerobic nitrite oxidation, nitrate reduction, sulphate respiration, and sulfur compound respiration in the bulk soil of peri-root zone of A. glutinosa. Our research confirms that the evaluation of soil biodiversity and metabolic potential of bacteria can be of great assistance in a quality and health control tool in the soils of forested areas and in the forest production. Identification of bacteria that promote plant growth and have a high biotechnological potential can be assume a substantial improvement in the ecosystem and use of the forest land.     

采用Biolog法分析制药废水处理工艺中微生物多样性

采用水解酸化池、活性污泥池、曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理东北制药总厂的制药废水，在污泥驯化成功并运行稳定后，对COD和BOD，的去除率均在90％以上，出水水质达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的二级标准。采用Biolog方法分析了接种污泥及各构筑物中微生物群落的多样性，结果表明，接种污泥和水解酸化池污泥的停滞期比活性污泥池污泥和曝气生物滤池生物膜的长，但各微生物群落在稳定期的平均活性相差不大。多样性指数分析结果表明，各构筑物中微生物群落的丰富度和均一性相近，但最常见的物种不同；主成分分析结果显示，3种污泥及生物膜对ECO板上碳源的利用情况存在差异。     

用Biolog微生物自动分析系统鉴定大曲中地衣芽孢杆菌的研究

从大曲中分离到一株细菌,初步鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌,利用Biolog微生物自动分析系统对它做了进一步的鉴定,确定其为地衣芽孢杆菌.     

向家坝工程扰动边坡微生物群落功能多样性分析

为揭示不同修复类型土壤的微生物群落特征和生态功能,选取金沙江流域向家坝工程扰动区框格梁覆土、厚层基材、弃渣地3种不同修复模式的边坡,通过Biolog方法分析微生物功能多样性、代谢活性以及群落结构。结果表明:厚层基材边坡土样平均光密度值(AWCD)最高,框格梁覆土边坡次之,而弃渣地边坡土壤最低。厚层基材边坡微生物对6类碳源的利用能力均较强,框格梁覆土边坡微生物对糖类、羧酸、脂肪酸以及胺类碳源的利用效率较好,弃渣地边坡微生物仅对羧酸类的碳源具有较好的利用能力;不同修复类型边坡微生物群落Shannon指数、碳源利用丰富度指数、均匀度指数及Simpson指数变化趋势整体表现为厚层基材边坡框格梁覆土边坡弃渣地边坡;厚层基材边坡土壤微生物群落多样性、生理功能多样性以及代谢活性均优于其他修复类型边坡土壤,而弃渣地边坡土壤为最差。