Modelling of black carbon statistical distribution and return periods of extreme concentrations

Eight datasets of 1-h black carbon (BC) concentrations measured in Warsaw agglomeration (Poland), at urban background and sub-urban sites, and in Racibórz, a small town in Upper Silesia district (regional background site) were analyzed to evaluate BC levels, daily profiles and statistical distributions of concentrations in Central-Eastern European region. The observed mean levels ranged from 1483 ng m⁻³ in suburban site during summer to 3358 ng m⁻³ in regional background site in winter. Observed diurnal patterns were bimodal in the locations dominated by traffic emissions, but unimodal, with elevated evening peak in individually heated residential area. Three theoretical frequency distributions were applied to fit analyzed datasets separately. The lognormal distribution was the most appropriate to represent the middle-range values, while the high concentrations were satisfactorily predicted by the type I two-parameter exponential distribution which was used to estimate the return periods of extreme concentrations for winter months.     

碱法造纸黑液驱油研究

在玻璃细珠充填柱人造岩心模型上进行了碱法造纸黑液驱替稠油的实验研究，考察了稠油酸值、盐、温度、岩心渗透率、注入量和注入方式的影响。在实验条件下碱法造纸黑液驱稠油的采收率较水驱提高２５％     

静态球对称时空中的标量场辐射

采用多项式函数代替乌龟坐标的方法,给出静态球对称时空中黑洞事件视界和宇宙视界区域内标量场方程的解,并对事件视界附近势垒的性质进行了讨论。发现对带电量不同的时空,标量场辐射的形式亦有所不同;势垒随宇宙学常数的减小而变窄、变高。     

Ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 using rotating packed bed and stirred tank reactor

This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型双旋流平焰烧嘴的研制与应用

介绍了一种新型双族流平焰烧嘴的设计思路、结构参数及工业试验结果。其结构特点是每个部件都易装易卸，其煤气旋流器的位置可根据煤气压力变化进行调节，无需稳焰器就可保证煤气压力在较大范围波动时，都可形成稳定的平展火焰。     

基于黑箱方法的压气站运行优化模型研究--管段约束处理方法研究

针对枝状长输天然气管道运行状况，首次提出采用将整个长输管道系统分为压气站系统和管道系统两大类别，然后对两大系统分别进行单独的处理。基于黑箱方法的复杂枝状管网系统压气站运行优化模型，主要包括目标函数和约束条件。在约束条件中，最难以处理的问题之一就是管段的约束，针对复杂枝状输气管网的管段约束条件提出了一种新的处理方法。研究证明：该处理方法易于进行计算机编程实现，体现了结构化的算法思想。     

卧式离心铸造汽缸套"黑斑"形成机理及预防措施

卧式离心铸造合金铸铁汽缸套"黑斑"是一种由合金成分和生产工艺等因素而造成的"夹层"石墨漂浮、比重偏析的综合缺陷.主要预防措施是强化冷却和将锰含量提高到2%.     

硅烷交联型复合半导电塑料

对于硅烷交联型复合半导电塑料的研究表明，合理的选择EVA，炭黑，交联剂，引发剂，催化剂的种类和适宜的用量，仅仅是提高接枝和凝胶质量分散的必要条件，体系环境的酸碱度才是可以交联的充分条件，只有在体系的环境呈现出中性或弱的碱性时，硅烷才可能与PE和EVA充分接枝和交联。     

CB-g-WPU/WPU复合材料的制备与气敏响应性能

通过对导电填料炭黑（CB）进行官能化，在CB表面引入羧基官能团，利用CB表面的羧基等活性官能团与端异氰酸酯基聚氨酯预聚物反应得炭黑接枝水性聚氨酯（CB-g-WPU），采用乳液共混法制备得CB—g-WPU／WPU气敏导电复合材料，并对CB—g-WPU／WPU复合材料的气敏响应行为进行了研究。X射线光电能谱（XPS）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）等分析结果表明聚氨酯接枝到了炭黑表面；SEM分析表明，炭黑经过接枝改性后均匀分散在基体WPU中。该法制备的CB—g-WPU／WPU复合材料逾渗值低、气敏响应度大、响应范围广，是一种综合性能优异的气敏导电复合材料。     

黑色颜料的制备及其性能的研究

利用Co-Cr-Mn-Fe四元系颜料开发出陶瓷用黑釉配方,并在生产中试用,有烧成温度低,颜料与基釉的适应性好,黑釉烧成的合格率高等特点。