微波在植物纤维漂白中的应用研究

采用微波辐射技术，建立了次氯酸钠漂白麦草浆工艺。影响微波辐射漂白纸浆的因素有三项：微波辐射时间、辐射功率和次氯酸钠用量。当微波辐射功率为352w，辐射时间为2min，次氯酸钠用量为10mL时，2g绝干浆的白度达77％ISO以上。此外，通过与水浴的对比实验，发现微波加热2min纸浆达到的白度相当于水浴加热40min，这对于能源的节省是非常有意义的。     

Li284O7：Cu，In的热释光晒退特性研究

制得一系列不同烧结温度的Li284O7：Cu，In样品，以X光衍射（XRD）、热释光（TL）、光释光（OSL）等手段研究样品的热释光陷阱的晒退特性。烧结温度对热释光陷阱的晒退特性影响较大，实验表明750℃烧结样品的热释光不易晒退。结合XRD和OSL的结果解释了烧结温度对晒退特性的影响。     

大麻全杆化机浆H2O2漂白

大麻全杆化机浆经Ｈ２Ｏ２单段漂白后，其白度和物理强度明显增加，达到二号凸版纸标准，漂白纤维变得更柔软，纤维表面变得更整洁，主要发色基因双键和共轭羰基被破坏，芳族邻羟基酮和聚木糖Ｃ＝０键及甲氧基等被消除．     

Toxicity to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri of Kraft bleach plant effluents treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation

Two Kraft-pulp bleaching effluents from a sequence of treatments which include chlorine dioxide and caustic soda were treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) at T=463 K in trickle-bed and batch-recycle reactors packed with either TiO2 extrudates or Ru(3 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst. Chemical analyses (TOC removal, color, HPLC) and bioassays (48-h and 30-min acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri, respectively) were used to get information about the toxicity impact of the starting effluents and of the treated solutions. Under the operating conditions, complex organic compounds are mostly oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, along with short-chain carboxylic acids. Bioassays were found as a complement to chemical analyses for ensuring the toxicological impact on the ecosystem. In spite of a large decrease of TOC, the solutions of end products were all more toxic to Daphnia magna than the starting effluents by factors ranging from 2 to 33. This observation is attributed to the synergistic effects of acetic acid and salts present in the solutions. On the other hand, toxicity reduction with respect to Vibrio fischeri was achieved: detoxification factors greater than unity were measured for end-product solutions treated in the presence of the Ru(3 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst, suggesting the absence of cumulative effect for this bacteria, or a lower sensitivity to the organic acids and salts. Bleach plant effluents treated by the CWAO process over the Ru/TiO2 catalyst were completely biodegradable.     

四乙酰基乙二胺的合成研究

介绍了漂白活性剂四乙酰基乙二胺（TAED）的性能，应用；害比较了各工艺路线的合成方法及合成条件的基础上，进行优化选择。     

四乙酰乙胺的合成

四乙酰乙二胺,即ＴＡＥＤ是一种低温型漂白活化剂,本实验以乙二胺、冰乙酸、乙权酐为原料,在同一反应釜内,采用两步法合成四乙酰乙二胺。探讨了产品合成工艺条件,产品产这７５．９％。     

Kinetics of staining and bleaching

Kinetics of staining and stain removal have been studied with food dyes and natural colorants. Kinetics of staining indicate that the staining agent is adsorbed on the fiber surface and diffuses into the interior of the fibers. Similarities exist between staining and dyeing mechanisms of cotton, polyester and nylon fibers. Stain removal by nonoxidative detergency involves diffusion of the staining agent from the interior of fibers and desorption from the fiber surface. The kinetics of stain removal by bleaching with peroxyacids or activated sodium perborate depend on the affinity of the stain to fibers. When desorption of stain is rapid, bleaching of the stain in solution is the rate- determining step and stain removal obeys pseudo- first- order kinetics. When the stain is washfast, the concentration of the stain in fibers decreases with the square root of time, indicating a diffusion process. The peroxygen bleaching agent is sorbed in the subsurface of fibers or diffuses into the interior of fibers. If bleaching occurs in the outer perimeter of fibers, the rate- determining step may be the diffusion of stain molecules from the interior of fibers to the location of the bleaching agent. On the other hand, if bleaching occurs within fibers, the rate- determining step may be diffusion of the bleaching agent to the stain located within the fibers. *To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Kinetic aspects of dye-transfer inhibition by catalytic oxidation

Dye-transfer inhibition (DTI) during laundering can be achieved by catalytic bleaching of the migrating dyes in the wash-liquor. The rate of the bleaching reaction should be significantly higher than the rate of dye adsorption onto the acceptor fabric. Further, the stability of the catalyst should be high enough in order to bleach dye which is slowly released from colored fabrics during the entire wash-cycle. The performance of three managnese-salen (Mn-salen) complexes as DTI catalysts is discussed in terms of their activity and their stability. It is shown that a very high activity is compatible with a high stability, leading to excellent DTI effects. For less stable catalysts, the performance can be markedly improved by optimizing the catalyst and peroxide concentrations or by formulation in a polymer matrix.